从性别视角看职业性接触性皮炎：1996-2016 年意大利东北部数据
Occupational contact dermatitis in a gender perspective: North East Italian data 1996-2016.
机构信息
Clinical Unit of Occupational Medicine, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Trieste, Italy.
Clinical Unit of Occupational Medicine, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Trieste.
出版信息
Med Lav. 2021 Feb 23;112(1):34-43. doi: 10.23749/mdl.v112i1.9794.
BACKGROUND
Occupational contact dermatitis (OCD) ranks high among occupational diseases in Europe, but little is known as regards OCD and jobs in a gender perspective.
OBJECTIVES
To evaluate sex prevalence of OCD according to occupational sectors and agents involved. 27381 patients (1996-2016) with suspected irritant/allergic contact dermatitis (ICD-ACD) were evaluated in North-Eastern Italy. Each patient underwent: a standardized questionnaire, a dermatologist/occupational physician evaluation and a patch test.
RESULTS
Females were younger at diagnosis (35.2 ± 11.6 years vs 37.7 ± 12.6 in males, p< 0.001) and had a lower ICD prevalence (OR 0.58, C.I. 95% 0.51 - 0.66, p < 0.001). Job categories most involved differed between sexes, with highest rank for healthcare professionals in females and machinery mechanics and filters for males. In females ACD percentage was higher in all job categories.
CONCLUSIONS
OCD characteristics differ between sexes, according to intrinsic and extrinsic factors. Use of personal care products, housekeeping products and outdoor work activities may account for different sensitization profiles.
背景
职业性接触性皮炎（OCD）在欧洲职业病中发病率较高，但从性别角度来看，OCD 与职业之间的关系知之甚少。
目的
评估职业性接触性皮炎的性别患病率，根据涉及的职业领域和接触物进行评估。对意大利东北部的 27381 例疑似刺激性/过敏性接触性皮炎（ICD-ACD）患者（1996-2016 年）进行了评估。每位患者都接受了以下评估：标准化问卷、皮肤科医生/职业医生评估和斑贴试验。
结果
女性的诊断年龄更小（35.2 ± 11.6 岁比男性的 37.7 ± 12.6 岁，p<0.001），ICD 患病率更低（OR 0.58，95%置信区间 0.51-0.66，p<0.001）。不同性别之间涉及的职业类别也有所不同，女性中以医护人员为主，男性中则以机械师和过滤器为主。女性在所有职业类别中的 ACD 百分比都更高。
结论
OCD 的特征因内在和外在因素在性别之间存在差异。使用个人护理产品、家政产品和户外工作活动可能导致不同的致敏谱。
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