Hayes Bronwyn, Douglas Clint, Bonner Ann
School of Nursing, Queensland University of Technology, Queensland, Australia.
Renal Medicine, Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Queensland, Australia.
J Nurs Manag. 2015 Jul;23(5):588-98. doi: 10.1111/jonm.12184. Epub 2013 Dec 30.
To examine the relationships among nurse and work characteristics, job satisfaction, stress, burnout and the work environment of haemodialysis nurses.
Haemodialysis nursing is characterised by frequent and intense contact with patients in a complex and intense environment.
A cross-sectional online survey of 417 haemodialysis nurses that included nurse and work characteristics, the Brisbane Practice Environment Measure, Index of Work Satisfaction, Nursing Stress Scale and the Maslach Burnout Inventory.
Haemodialysis nurses reported an acceptable level of job satisfaction and perceived their work environment positively, although high levels of burnout were found. Nurses who were older and had worked in haemodialysis the longest had higher satisfaction levels, experienced less stress and lower levels of burnout than younger nurses. The in-centre type of haemodialysis unit had greater levels of stress and burnout than home training units. Greater satisfaction with the work environment was strongly correlated with job satisfaction, lower job stress and emotional exhaustion.
Haemodialysis nurses experienced high levels of burnout even though their work environment was favourable and they had acceptable levels of job satisfaction.
Targeted strategies are required to retain and avoid burnout in younger and less experienced nurses in this highly specialised field of nursing.
探讨血液透析护士的护士及工作特征、工作满意度、压力、职业倦怠与工作环境之间的关系。
血液透析护理的特点是在复杂且紧张的环境中频繁且密切地接触患者。
对417名血液透析护士进行横断面在线调查，内容包括护士及工作特征、布里斯班实践环境量表、工作满意度指数、护理压力量表和马氏职业倦怠量表。
血液透析护士报告的工作满意度处于可接受水平，对其工作环境的评价也较为积极，尽管发现存在较高程度的职业倦怠。年龄较大且从事血液透析工作时间最长的护士比年轻护士的满意度更高，压力更小，职业倦怠程度更低。中心血液透析单元的压力和职业倦怠程度高于家庭培训单元。对工作环境更高的满意度与工作满意度、更低的工作压力和情感耗竭密切相关。
尽管血液透析护士的工作环境良好且工作满意度处于可接受水平，但他们仍经历了较高程度的职业倦怠。
在这个高度专业化的护理领域，需要采取有针对性的策略来留住年轻且经验不足的护士，并避免他们出现职业倦怠。
