Department of Paediatrics and Allergology Unit, Sandro Pertini Hospital, Via dei Monti Tiburtini, 389, 00157 Rome, Italy.
Ital J Pediatr. 2013 Dec 27;39:80. doi: 10.1186/1824-7288-39-80.
The epidemic of childhood allergic disorders has been associated to the decline of infectious disease. However, exposure to many triggers (airborne viruses, tobacco smoke, pollution, indoor allergens, etc.) contribute to the disease. Breast feeding practices, nutrition, dietary and obesity also play a multifaceted role in shaping the observed worldwide trends of childhood allergies. Guidelines for treatment are available, but their implementation is suboptimal. Then developed countries are slowing learning integrating the development of suitable guidelines with implementation plans. Awareness, psychosocial and family factors strongly influence asthma and food allergy control. Moreover, monitoring tools are necessary to facilitate self-management. By taking into consideration these and many other pragmatic aspects, national public health programs to control the allergic epidemic have been successful in reducing its impact and trace the need for future research in the area.
儿童过敏疾病的流行与传染病的减少有关。然而，许多诱因（空气传播的病毒、烟草烟雾、污染、室内过敏原等）也会导致这种疾病。母乳喂养、营养、饮食和肥胖等因素在塑造全球儿童过敏趋势方面也起着多方面的作用。虽然有治疗指南，但它们的实施情况并不理想。然后，发达国家正在缓慢地学习将适当指南的制定与实施计划相结合。意识、社会心理和家庭因素对哮喘和食物过敏的控制有很大影响。此外，监测工具对于促进自我管理也是必要的。考虑到这些以及许多其他实际方面，控制过敏流行的国家公共卫生计划已经成功地降低了其影响，并为该领域的未来研究指明了方向。
