Dipartimento di Medicina Interna e Specialità Mediche, Reumatologia, Sapienza Università di Roma, Viale del Policlinico 155, 00161 Rome, Italy.
Dipartimento di Medicina Interna e Specialità Mediche, Reumatologia, Sapienza Università di Roma, Viale del Policlinico 155, 00161 Rome, Italy ; Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, University of Gießen, Kerckhoff Klinik, Benekestr 2-8, 61231 Bad Nauheim, Germany.
Mediators Inflamm. 2013;2013:808125. doi: 10.1155/2013/808125. Epub 2013 Nov 26.
Inflammation has been recognized as a common trait in the pathogenesis of multifactorial diseases including obesity, where a low-grade inflammation has been established and may be responsible for the cardiovascular risk related to the disease. Obesity has also been associated with the increased incidence and a worse outcome of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and osteoarthritis (OA). RA is characterized by systemic inflammation, which is thought to play a key role in accelerated atherosclerosis and in the increased incidence of cardiovascular disease, an important comorbidity in patients with RA. The inflammatory process underlying the cardiovascular risk both in obesity and RA may be mediated by adipocytokines, a heterogeneous group of soluble proteins mainly secreted by the adipocytes. Many adipocytokines are mainly produced by white adipose tissue. Adipocytokines may also be involved in the pathogenesis of OA since a positive association with obesity has been found for weight-bearing and nonweight-bearing joints, suggesting that, in addition to local overload, systemic factors may contribute to joint damage. In this review we summarize the current knowledge on experimental models and clinical studies in which adipocytokines were examined in obesity, RA, and OA and discuss the potential of adipocytokines as comorbidity biomarkers for cardiovascular risk.
炎症已被认为是多种疾病发病机制中的共同特征，包括肥胖症，其中已确立了低度炎症，并且可能是与疾病相关的心血管风险的原因。肥胖症也与类风湿关节炎（RA）和骨关节炎（OA）的发病率增加和预后恶化有关。RA 的特征是全身炎症，据认为全身炎症在加速动脉粥样硬化和增加心血管疾病的发病率方面起着关键作用，这是 RA 患者的一种重要合并症。肥胖症和 RA 中心血管风险的炎症过程可能由脂肪细胞因子介导，脂肪细胞因子是一组主要由脂肪细胞分泌的异质可溶性蛋白。许多脂肪细胞因子主要由白色脂肪组织产生。脂肪细胞因子也可能参与 OA 的发病机制，因为在承重和非承重关节中发现肥胖与 OA 之间存在正相关，这表明除了局部过载外，全身因素也可能导致关节损伤。在这篇综述中，我们总结了关于肥胖症、RA 和 OA 中脂肪细胞因子的实验模型和临床研究的最新知识，并讨论了脂肪细胞因子作为心血管风险合并症生物标志物的潜力。
