Niessen Ludwig
Technische Universität München, Lehrstuhl für Technische Mikrobiologie, Weihenstephaner Steig 16, D-85350 Freising, Germany.
Int J Food Microbiol. 2007 Oct 20;119(1-2):38-46. doi: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2007.07.023. Epub 2007 Jul 31.
Mycotoxins are secondary metabolites produced by filamentous fungi which have toxicologically relevant effects on vertebrates when administered in small doses via a natural route. In order to improve food safety and to protect consumers from harmful contaminants, presence of fungi with the potential to produce such compounds must be checked at critical control points during production of agricultural commodities as well as during the process of food and feed preparation. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) based diagnosis has been applied as an alternative assay replacing cumbersome and time consuming microbiological and chemical methods for detection and identification of the most serious toxin producers in the fungal genera Fusarium, Aspergillus, and Penicillium. The current review covers the numerous PCR-based assays which have been published over the last decade since the first description of the use of this technology to detect aflatoxin biosynthesis genes in A. flavus.
霉菌毒素是丝状真菌产生的次生代谢产物，当通过天然途径小剂量施用时，对脊椎动物具有毒理学相关影响。为了提高食品安全并保护消费者免受有害污染物的侵害，在农产品生产以及食品和饲料制备过程中的关键控制点，必须检查有可能产生此类化合物的真菌的存在情况。基于聚合酶链反应（PCR）的诊断已作为一种替代检测方法应用，取代了用于检测和鉴定镰刀菌属、曲霉属和青霉属中最严重毒素产生菌的繁琐且耗时的微生物学和化学方法。本综述涵盖了自首次描述使用该技术检测黄曲霉中黄曲霉毒素生物合成基因以来，在过去十年中发表的众多基于PCR的检测方法。
