Kokalis-Burelle Nancy, Butler David M, Rosskopf Erin N
USDA, ARS, U.S. Horticultural Research Lab, Ft. Pierce, FL 34945.
University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996.
J Nematol. 2013 Dec;45(4):272-8.
Several cover crops with potential for use in tropical and subtropical regions were assessed for susceptibility to three common species of root-knot nematode, Meloidogyne arenaria, M. incognita, and M. javanica. Crops were selected based on potential use as organic amendments in anaerobic soil disinfestation (ASD) applications. Nematode juvenile (J2) numbers in soil and roots, egg production, and host plant root galling were evaluated on arugula (Eruca sativa, cv. Nemat), cowpea (Vigna unguiculata, cv. Iron & Clay), jack bean (Canavalia ensiformis, cv. Comum), two commercial mixtures of Indian mustard and white mustard (Brassica juncea & Sinapis alba, mixtures Caliente 61 and Caliente 99), pearl millet (Pennisetum glaucum, cv. Tifleaf III), sorghum-sudangrass hybrid (Sorghum bicolor × S. bicolor var. sudanense, cv. Sugar Grazer II), and three cultivars of sunflower (Helianthus annuus, cvs. 545A, Nusun 660CL, and Nusun 5672). Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum, cv. Rutgers) was included in all trials as a susceptible host to all three nematode species. The majority of cover crops tested were less susceptible than tomato to M. arenaria, with the exception of jack bean. Sunflower cv. Nusun 5672 had fewer M. arenaria J2 isolated from roots than the other sunflower cultivars, less galling than tomato, and fewer eggs than tomato and sunflower cv. 545A. Several cover crops did not support high populations of M. incognita in roots or exhibit significant galling, although high numbers of M. incognita J2 were isolated from the soil. Arugula, cowpea, and mustard mixture Caliente 99 did not support M. incognita in soil or roots. Jack bean and all three cultivars of sunflower were highly susceptible to M. javanica, and all sunflower cultivars had high numbers of eggs isolated from roots. Sunflower, jack bean, and both mustard mixtures exhibited significant galling in response to M. javanica. Arugula, cowpea, and sorghum-sudangrass consistently had low numbers of all three Meloidogyne species associated with roots and are good selections for use in ASD for root-knot nematode control. The remainder of crops tested had significant levels of galling, J2, and eggs associated with roots, which varied among the Meloidogyne species tested.
对几种有潜力用于热带和亚热带地区的覆盖作物进行了评估，以确定它们对三种常见根结线虫（南方根结线虫、爪哇根结线虫和花生根结线虫）的易感性。根据在厌氧土壤消毒（ASD）应用中作为有机改良剂的潜在用途来选择作物。对芝麻菜（Eruca sativa，品种Nemat）、豇豆（Vigna unguiculata，品种Iron & Clay）、金甲豆（Canavalia ensiformis，品种Comum）、两种印度芥菜和白芥菜的商业混合物（Brassica juncea & Sinapis alba，混合物Caliente 61和Caliente 99）、珍珠粟（Pennisetum glaucum，品种Tifleaf III）高粱-苏丹草杂交种（Sorghum bicolor × S. bicolor var. sudanense，品种Sugar Grazer II）以及三个向日葵品种（Helianthus annuus，品种545A、Nusun 660CL和Nusun 5672）的土壤和根中的线虫幼虫（J2）数量、产卵量和寄主植物根瘤形成情况进行了评估。在所有试验中均包括番茄（Solanum lycopersicum，品种Rutgers），作为对所有三种线虫均敏感的寄主。除金甲豆外，大多数测试的覆盖作物对南方根结线虫的易感性低于番茄。向日葵品种Nusun 5672从根部分离出的南方根结线虫J2数量少于其他向日葵品种，根瘤形成少于番茄，卵数量少于番茄和向日葵品种545A。几种覆盖作物在根中不支持爪哇根结线虫的高种群数量，或未表现出明显的根瘤形成，尽管从土壤中分离出了大量的爪哇根结线虫J2。芝麻菜、豇豆和芥菜混合物Caliente 99在土壤或根中不支持爪哇根结线虫。金甲豆和所有三个向日葵品种对爪哇根结线虫高度敏感，所有向日葵品种从根部分离出的卵数量都很高。向日葵、金甲豆和两种芥菜混合物对爪哇根结线虫均表现出明显的根瘤形成。芝麻菜、豇豆和高粱-苏丹草根中始终与所有三种根结线虫的数量较低，是用于ASD防治根结线虫的良好选择。其余测试作物的根中与根瘤形成、J2和卵的水平显著，在测试的根结线虫物种之间存在差异。
