Colberg Sheri R, Castorino Kristin, Jovanovič Lois
Sheri R Colberg, Human Movement Sciences Department, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, VA 23529, United States.
World J Diabetes. 2013 Dec 15;4(6):256-62. doi: 10.4239/wjd.v4.i6.256.
Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is the most prevalent metabolic disorder during pregnancy. Women diagnosed with GDM have a substantially greater risk of developing type 2 diabetes within 5-10 years after delivery, and the risk is increased by excess body weight. Uncontrolled hyperglycemia during pregnancy is potentially harmful to both mother and fetus, resulting in a greater need for Caesarian-section deliveries, delivery of larger infants with more excess body fat, a greater risk of infant death and stillbirth, and an elevated risk of infant hypoglycemia immediately after birth. Fortunately, engaging in physical activity prior to and during pregnancy may lower the risk of developing GDM. Pregnant women should also be advised how to safely increase their physical activity during pregnancy and the postpartum period. An initial approach to becoming more physically active can simply be to encourage women to incorporate more unstructured physical activity into daily living, both before and during pregnancy. Giving women an appropriate exercise prescription can encourage them to participate in physical activity safely and effectively throughout pregnancy to prevent and/or manage GDM. Engaging in 30 min of moderate intensity physical activity on most, if not all, days of the week has been adopted as a recommendation for all pregnant women.
妊娠期糖尿病（GDM）是孕期最常见的代谢紊乱疾病。被诊断为GDM的女性在分娩后5至10年内患2型糖尿病的风险显著更高，且超重会增加该风险。孕期不受控制的高血糖对母亲和胎儿都有潜在危害，会导致剖宫产需求增加、分娩出体重更大且脂肪过多的婴儿、婴儿死亡和死产风险更高，以及出生后婴儿低血糖风险升高。幸运的是，在怀孕前和孕期进行体育活动可能会降低患GDM的风险。还应告知孕妇如何在孕期和产后安全地增加体育活动。增加身体活动的初步方法可以是鼓励女性在怀孕前和孕期将更多非结构化的体育活动融入日常生活。给女性开具适当的运动处方可以鼓励她们在整个孕期安全有效地参与体育活动，以预防和/或管理GDM。建议所有孕妇每周大多数（如果不是全部）日子进行30分钟中等强度的体育活动。
