Kaeberlein Matt
Department of Pathology, University of Washington, 1959 NE Pacific Street, D-514, Seattle, WA 98195-7470, USA.
Scientifica (Cairo). 2013;2013:849186. doi: 10.1155/2013/849186. Epub 2013 Nov 26.
The mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) is a highly conserved protein that regulates growth and proliferation in response to environmental and hormonal cues. Broadly speaking, organisms are constantly faced with the challenge of interpreting their environment and making a decision between "grow or do not grow." mTOR is a major component of the network that makes this decision at the cellular level and, to some extent, the tissue and organismal level as well. Although overly simplistic, this framework can be useful when considering the myriad functions ascribed to mTOR and the pleiotropic phenotypes associated with genetic or pharmacological modulation of mTOR signaling. In this review, I will consider mTOR function in this context and attempt to summarize and interpret the growing body of literature demonstrating interesting and varied effects of mTOR inhibitors. These include robust effects on a multitude of age-related parameters and pathologies, as well as several other processes not obviously linked to aging or age-related disease.
雷帕霉素作用机制靶点（mTOR）是一种高度保守的蛋白质，它响应环境和激素信号调节生长与增殖。广义而言，生物体不断面临解读其环境并在“生长或不生长”之间做出决定的挑战。mTOR是在细胞水平上做出这一决定的网络的主要组成部分，在某种程度上，也是组织和机体水平上的主要组成部分。尽管这个框架过于简单，但在考虑赋予mTOR的众多功能以及与mTOR信号传导的遗传或药理学调节相关的多效性表型时，它可能会有所帮助。在这篇综述中，我将在这种背景下考虑mTOR的功能，并试图总结和解读越来越多的文献，这些文献展示了mTOR抑制剂有趣且多样的作用。这些作用包括对众多与年龄相关的参数和病理状况产生强大影响，以及对其他一些与衰老或年龄相关疾病无明显关联的过程产生影响。
