a Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition , US Food and Drug Administration , College Park , MD , USA.
Food Addit Contam Part A Chem Anal Control Expo Risk Assess. 2014 Apr;31(4):723-33. doi: 10.1080/19440049.2013.878040. Epub 2014 Feb 25.
Due to the 2011 labelling of styrene monomer as "reasonably anticipated to be a human carcinogen" by the National Institutes of Health's National Toxicology Program (NTP) and the controversy over whether styrene oligomers mimic the physiological effects of estrogen, an updated review of styrene monomer and oligomers in food and food contact materials (FCMs) was performed. The concentrations of styrene monomer and oligomers were determined in 24 polystyrene (PS) products and ranged from 9.3 to 3100 mg kg(-1) for the styrene monomer, 130-2900 mg kg(-1) for the sum of three styrene dimers, and 220-16,000 mg kg(-1) for the sum of six styrene trimers. Foods in contact with PS packaging had styrene monomer concentrations ranging from 2.6 to 163 ng g(-1); dimer concentrations from the limit of quantitation (LOQ) to 4.8 ng g(-1) and trimer concentrations were all below the LOQ (2 ng g(-1)). Diffusion coefficients (Dp) and partition coefficients (K) were also calculated for styrene dimers and trimers. The results presented here indicate that styrene monomer concentrations in foods have not significantly changed since the 1980s and monomer concentrations in food packaging quantified in this study were all below USFDA limits. Although styrene dimers and trimers are present in higher concentrations in PS FCMs than the monomer, their migration to food is limited because of their high K values (4 × 10(2) to 2 × 10(6)) and their low diffusion coefficients in PS products. Additionally, diffusion coefficients calculated using USFDA-recommended food simulants and Arrhenius plots describing the temperature dependence of styrene dimers and trimers can be used in future calculations of dietary intake of the styrene oligomers.
由于美国国立卫生研究院国家毒理学计划（NTP）将苯乙烯单体标记为“合理预期对人类致癌”，以及关于苯乙烯低聚物是否模拟雌激素生理效应的争议，对食品和食品接触材料（FCM）中的苯乙烯单体和低聚物进行了更新评估。在 24 种聚苯乙烯（PS）产品中测定了苯乙烯单体和低聚物的浓度，苯乙烯单体的浓度范围为 9.3 至 3100 mg/kg，三种苯乙烯二聚体的总和为 130-2900 mg/kg，六种苯乙烯三聚体的总和为 220-16000 mg/kg。与 PS 包装接触的食品中的苯乙烯单体浓度范围为 2.6 至 163 ng/g；二聚体浓度从定量下限（LOQ）到 4.8 ng/g，三聚体浓度均低于 LOQ（2 ng/g）。还计算了苯乙烯二聚体和三聚体的扩散系数（Dp）和分配系数（K）。这里呈现的结果表明，自 20 世纪 80 年代以来，食品中的苯乙烯单体浓度没有显著变化，而且本研究中定量的食品包装中的单体浓度均低于美国 FDA 的限量。尽管苯乙烯低聚物在 PS FCM 中的浓度高于单体，但由于其高 K 值（4×10(2) 至 2×10(6))和在 PS 产品中的低扩散系数，其向食品中的迁移受到限制。此外，使用美国 FDA 推荐的食品模拟物计算的扩散系数和描述苯乙烯二聚体和三聚体温度依赖性的阿累尼乌斯图，可以用于未来计算苯乙烯低聚物的膳食摄入量。
