Department of Counseling and Counseling Psychology, Arizona State University.
Department of Counseling Psychology, University of Wisconsin.
Am Psychol. 2014 Apr;69(3):218-29. doi: 10.1037/a0035099. Epub 2014 Jan 6.
It has been argued that psychotherapy is a profession without any expertise (Shanteau, 1992). We examine the validity of this claim, reviewing the literature on expertise, clinical decision making, and psychotherapeutic outcome assessment, and find it a reasonable assessment. There is no demonstration of accuracy and skill that is associated with experience as a therapist. We posit that this absence of an expertise-experience relation is attributable to therapists' lack of access to quality outcome information regarding their interventions and an overreliance on fallible information-processing strategies even when such outcome information is available. The research on providing outcome feedback is reviewed, and although it does relate to client improvement, it has not been shown to be associated with any gains in therapist skill or expertise. We propose a model of outcome information usage and specific a priori hypothesis testing as a means of developing expertise. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2014 APA, all rights reserved).
有人认为心理治疗是一个没有任何专业知识的职业（Shanteau，1992）。我们检查了这一说法的有效性，回顾了关于专业知识、临床决策和心理治疗结果评估的文献，并认为这是一个合理的评估。没有任何证据表明经验与治疗师的准确性和技能有关。我们假设，这种缺乏专业知识与经验关系的原因是治疗师无法获得关于其干预措施的高质量结果信息，并且即使有这种结果信息，他们也过度依赖易出错的信息处理策略。我们回顾了提供结果反馈的研究，尽管它确实与客户的改善有关，但并没有表明它与治疗师技能或专业知识的任何提高有关。我们提出了一种结果信息使用模型，并具体提出了先验假设检验，作为发展专业知识的一种手段。（PsycINFO 数据库记录（c）2014 APA，保留所有权利）。
