Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy and Medicinal Plants Research Centre, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 14155-6451, Iran.
Daru. 2014 Jan 7;22(1):12. doi: 10.1186/2008-2231-22-12.
Daucus littoralis Smith subsp. hyrcanicus Rech.f. (Apiaceae) is an endemic species in northern parts of Iran where it is commonly named Caspian carrot. The fruits have been used as condiment.
In a series of in vitro assays, antioxidant (DPPH and FRAP assays), cytotoxic and antimicrobial activities of different extracts of roots and fruits were evaluated for the first time. The separation and purification of the compounds were carried out on the most potent extracts using various chromatographic methods and identified by spectroscopic data (1H and 13C NMR).
The results showed that among the extracts only fruit methanol extract (FME) has significant antioxidant activity (IC50 = 145.93 μg.ml-1 in DPPH assay and 358 ± 0.02 mmol FeII/g dry extract in FRAP assay). The radical scavenging activity of FME at 400 μg.ml-1 was comparable with α-tocopherol (40 μg.ml-1) and with BHA (100 μg.ml-1) (p > 0.05). FME did not show any toxicity against cancerous and normal cell lines. Fruit ethyl acetate extract (FEE) had cytotoxic activity against breast carcinoma and hepatocellular carcinoma cells (IC50 168.4 and 185 μg.ml-1, respectively), while it did not possess antioxidant activity in comparison with α-tocopherol and BHA as standard compounds. Ethyl acetate and methanol extract of fruits showed antimicrobial activity against Staphylococcus aureus (MIC: 3.75 mg.ml-1) and Candida albicans (MIC: 15.6 and 7.8 mg.ml-1, respectively). Four terpenoids were isolated form FEE including: β-sitosterol (1), stigmasterol (2), caryophyllene oxide (3), β-amyrin (4). Also, three flavonoids namely quercetin 3-O-β-glucoside (5), quercetin 3-O-β-galactoside (6) and luteolin (7) were isolated from FME.
This study showed that FEE and FME of D. littoralis Smith subsp. hyrcanicus Rech.f. had the highest biological activities which may be correlated with in vitro cytotoxic, antimicrobial and antioxidant activities of terpenoids and flavonoids components of the extracts.
滨海胡萝卜（Daucus littoralis Smith subsp. hyrcanicus Rech.f.）是伊朗北部的特有种，通常被称为里海胡萝卜。其果实被用作调味料。
在一系列体外试验中，首次评估了根和果实不同提取物的抗氧化（DPPH 和 FRAP 试验）、细胞毒性和抗菌活性。使用各种色谱方法对最有效的提取物进行分离和纯化，并通过光谱数据（1H 和 13C NMR）进行鉴定。
结果表明，在所测试的提取物中，只有果实甲醇提取物（FME）具有显著的抗氧化活性（DPPH 试验中 IC50 值为 145.93 μg.ml-1，FRAP 试验中 358 ± 0.02 mmol FeII/g 干提取物）。FME 在 400 μg.ml-1 时的自由基清除活性与 α-生育酚（40 μg.ml-1）和 BHA（100 μg.ml-1）相当（p > 0.05）。FME 对癌细胞和正常细胞系均无毒性。果实乙酸乙酯提取物（FEE）对乳腺癌和肝癌细胞具有细胞毒性（IC50 值分别为 168.4 和 185 μg.ml-1），而与 α-生育酚和 BHA 等标准化合物相比，其并无抗氧化活性。乙酸乙酯和甲醇提取物对金黄色葡萄球菌（MIC：3.75 mg.ml-1）和白色念珠菌（MIC：15.6 和 7.8 mg.ml-1）均具有抗菌活性。从 FEE 中分离出 4 种萜类化合物，分别为β-谷甾醇（1）、豆甾醇（2）、石竹烯氧化物（3）、β-香树脂醇（4）。此外，从 FME 中分离出 3 种类黄酮，分别为槲皮素 3-O-β-葡萄糖苷（5）、槲皮素 3-O-β-半乳糖苷（6）和木樨草素（7）。
本研究表明，滨海胡萝卜的 FEE 和 FME 具有最高的生物活性，这可能与其提取物中的萜类化合物和类黄酮成分的体外细胞毒性、抗菌和抗氧化活性有关。
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