Shah Priyanka P, Szaflarski Jerzy P, Allendorfer Jane, Hamilton Roy H
Department of Neurology, University of Pennsylvania Philadelphia, PA, USA ; Laboratory for Cognition and Neural Stimulation, Center for Cognitive Neuroscience, University of Pennsylvania Philadelphia, PA, USA.
Department of Neurology, University of Alabama at Birmingham Birmingham, AL, USA.
Front Hum Neurosci. 2013 Dec 24;7:888. doi: 10.3389/fnhum.2013.00888.
Stroke victims tend to prioritize speaking, writing, and walking as the three most important rehabilitation goals. Of note is that two of these goals involve communication. This underscores the significance of developing successful approaches to aphasia treatment for the several hundred thousand new aphasia patients each year and over 1 million stroke survivors with chronic aphasia in the U.S. alone. After several years of growth as a research tool, non-invasive brain stimulation (NBS) is gradually entering the arena of clinical aphasiology. In this review, we first examine the current state of knowledge of post-stroke language recovery including the contributions from the dominant and non-dominant hemispheres. Next, we briefly discuss the methods and the physiologic basis of the use of inhibitory and excitatory repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) and transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) as research tools in patients who experience post-stroke aphasia. Finally, we provide a critical review of the most influential evidence behind the potential use of these two brain stimulation methods as clinical rehabilitative tools.
中风患者往往将说话、写作和行走列为最重要的三个康复目标。值得注意的是，其中两个目标涉及沟通。这凸显了为每年新增的数十万失语症患者以及仅在美国就有超过100万患有慢性失语症的中风幸存者开发成功的失语症治疗方法的重要性。作为一种研究工具经过数年发展后，非侵入性脑刺激（NBS）正逐渐进入临床失语症学领域。在本综述中，我们首先考察中风后语言恢复的当前知识状态，包括优势半球和非优势半球的作用。接下来，我们简要讨论在中风后失语症患者中使用抑制性和兴奋性重复经颅磁刺激（rTMS）及经颅直流电刺激（tDCS）作为研究工具的方法和生理基础。最后，我们对将这两种脑刺激方法用作临床康复工具背后最具影响力的证据进行批判性综述。
