Murakami K, Livingstone M B E
1] Northern Ireland Centre for Food and Health (NICHE), University of Ulster, Coleraine, UK [2] JSPS Postdoctoral Fellow for Research Abroad, Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, Tokyo, Japan.
Northern Ireland Centre for Food and Health (NICHE), University of Ulster, Coleraine, UK.
Int J Obes (Lond). 2014 Sep;38(9):1200-6. doi: 10.1038/ijo.2014.1. Epub 2014 Jan 10.
Inconsistent associations between eating frequency (EF) and adiposity may be mainly due to measurement errors of EF.
This cross-sectional study examined the association of EF with body mass index (BMI) and waist circumference (WC), by focusing on the confounding of energy misreporting and the effect of exclusion of underreporters (URs).
Dietary intake was assessed using a 7-day weighed dietary record in 1487 British adults aged 19-64 years. EF was calculated based on all eating occasions (EF(all)), after excluding those providing no energy (EF(energy)), and after excluding those providing <210 kJ of energy (EF(⩾210 kJ)). Energy misreporting was assessed as reported energy intake divided by estimated energy requirement (EI:EER).
The mean values (1st and 99th percentiles) of EF(all), EF(energy) and EF(⩾210 kJ) were, respectively, 7.8 (3.1, 15.3), 7.2 (2.9, 12.7), and 5.6 (2.3, 10.7) times/day in men and 7.6 (3.0, 13.9), 6.7 (2.7, 12.1), and 4.8 (1.9, 9.1) times/day in women. In the univariate analyses of the entire male population, EF(⩾210 kJ), but not EF(all) and EF(energy), was inversely associated with BMI and WC. After full adjustment (including EI:EER), all three measures of EF were positively associated with BMI and WC. In the univariate analyses of the entire female population, all three measures of EF were inversely associated with BMI and WC. After full adjustment, EF(⩾210 kJ) was positively associated with BMI and WC while EF(all) and EF(energy) showed null associations. When URs (EI:EER <0.665) were excluded, the multivariate analyses showed that EF(all) and EF(energy) were positively associated with BMI in men while EF(⩾210 kJ) was positively associated with BMI and WC in both sexes.
We showed positive associations of EF with BMI and WC. Adjustment for EI:EER and the exclusion of URs, as well as definitions of EF, radically affected the results of the analysis.
进食频率（EF）与肥胖之间的关联不一致，可能主要是由于EF测量误差所致。
本横断面研究通过关注能量误报的混杂因素以及排除低报告者（URs）的影响，研究EF与体重指数（BMI）和腰围（WC）之间的关联。
采用7天称重饮食记录法评估了1487名年龄在19 - 64岁的英国成年人的饮食摄入量。EF是基于所有进食次数（EF（全部））计算得出的，排除不提供能量的进食次数后为EF（能量），排除提供能量<210kJ的进食次数后为EF（≥210kJ）。能量误报通过报告的能量摄入量除以估计能量需求（EI:EER）来评估。
男性中，EF（全部）、EF（能量）和EF（≥210kJ）的平均值（第1和第99百分位数）分别为每天7.8（3.1，15.3）次、7.2（2.9，12.7）次和5.6（2.3，10.7）次；女性分别为每天7.6（3.0，13.9）次、6.7（2.7，12.1）次和4.8（1.9，9.1）次。在对全体男性人群的单变量分析中，EF（≥210kJ）与BMI和WC呈负相关，而EF（全部）和EF（能量）则无此关联。在进行全面调整（包括EI:EER）后，所有三种EF测量方法均与BMI和WC呈正相关。在对全体女性人群的单变量分析中，所有三种EF测量方法均与BMI和WC呈负相关。全面调整后，EF（≥210kJ）与BMI和WC呈正相关，而EF（全部）和EF（能量）无关联。当排除URs（EI:EER<0.665）后，多变量分析显示，男性中EF（全部）和EF（能量）与BMI呈正相关，而EF（≥210kJ）在两性中均与BMI和WC呈正相关。
我们发现EF与BMI和WC呈正相关。对EI:EER进行调整、排除URs以及EF的定义，均对分析结果产生了根本性影响。
