Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA.
Obesity (Silver Spring). 2011 Mar;19(3):552-9. doi: 10.1038/oby.2010.265. Epub 2010 Oct 21.
Midlife women tend to gain weight with age, thus increasing risk of chronic disease. The purpose of this study was to examine associations between overweight/obesity and behavioral factors, including eating frequency, in a cross-sectional national sample of midlife women (n = 1,099) (mean age = 49.7 years, and BMI = 27.7 kg/m²). Eating behaviors and food and nutrient intakes were based on a mailed 1-day food record. BMI was calculated from self-reported height and weight, and level of physical activity was assessed by self-reported questionnaire. After exclusion of low-energy reporters (32% of sample), eating frequency was not associated with overweight/obesity (P > 0.05) and was not different between BMI groups (normal, 5.21 ± 1.79; overweight, 5.16 ± 1.74; obese, 5.12 ± 1.68, P = 0.769). Adjusted logistic regression showed that eating frequency, snacking frequency, breakfast consumption, eating after 10 PM and consuming meals with children or other adults were not significantly associated with overweight/obesity. Total energy intake increased as eating frequency increased in all BMI groups, however, obese women had greater energy intake compared to normal weight women who consumed the same number of meals and snacks. Intake of fruit and vegetables, whole grains, dietary fiber, dairy, and added sugars also increased as eating frequency increased. While eating frequency was not associated with overweight/obesity, it was associated with energy intake. Thus, addressing total energy intake rather than eating frequency may be more appropriate to prevent weight gain among midlife women.
中年女性随着年龄的增长往往会体重增加，从而增加患慢性病的风险。本研究的目的是在中年女性（n = 1099）（平均年龄为 49.7 岁，BMI 为 27.7kg/m²）的横断面全国样本中，检查超重/肥胖与行为因素（包括进食频率）之间的关系。进食行为和食物及营养素摄入量基于邮寄的 1 天食物记录。BMI 由自我报告的身高和体重计算得出，身体活动水平由自我报告的问卷评估。排除低能量报告者（样本的 32%）后，进食频率与超重/肥胖无关（P > 0.05），且在 BMI 组之间无差异（正常组为 5.21 ± 1.79；超重组为 5.16 ± 1.74；肥胖组为 5.12 ± 1.68，P = 0.769）。调整后的逻辑回归显示，进食频率、吃零食频率、早餐摄入、晚上 10 点后进食以及与儿童或其他成年人一起用餐与超重/肥胖无显著相关性。在所有 BMI 组中，随着进食频率的增加，总能量摄入增加，但与进食相同数量的餐和零食的正常体重女性相比，肥胖女性的能量摄入更多。随着进食频率的增加，水果和蔬菜、全谷物、膳食纤维、乳制品和添加糖的摄入量也增加。虽然进食频率与超重/肥胖无关，但与能量摄入有关。因此，解决总能量摄入而不是进食频率可能更适合预防中年女性体重增加。
