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土壤微生物在全球碳循环中的作用:追踪植物源碳的地下微生物加工过程以调控农业系统中的碳动态。

The role of soil microbes in the global carbon cycle: tracking the below-ground microbial processing of plant-derived carbon for manipulating carbon dynamics in agricultural systems.

作者信息

Gougoulias Christos, Clark Joanna M, Shaw Liz J

机构信息

Soil Research Centre, Department of Geography and Environmental Science, School of Archaeology, Geography and Environmental Science, University of Reading, RG6 6DW, United Kingdom.

出版信息

J Sci Food Agric. 2014 Sep;94(12):2362-71. doi: 10.1002/jsfa.6577. Epub 2014 Mar 6.

Abstract

It is well known that atmospheric concentrations of carbon dioxide (CO2) (and other greenhouse gases) have increased markedly as a result of human activity since the industrial revolution. It is perhaps less appreciated that natural and managed soils are an important source and sink for atmospheric CO2 and that, primarily as a result of the activities of soil microorganisms, there is a soil-derived respiratory flux of CO2 to the atmosphere that overshadows by tenfold the annual CO2 flux from fossil fuel emissions. Therefore small changes in the soil carbon cycle could have large impacts on atmospheric CO2 concentrations. Here we discuss the role of soil microbes in the global carbon cycle and review the main methods that have been used to identify the microorganisms responsible for the processing of plant photosynthetic carbon inputs to soil. We discuss whether application of these techniques can provide the information required to underpin the management of agro-ecosystems for carbon sequestration and increased agricultural sustainability. We conclude that, although crucial in enabling the identification of plant-derived carbon-utilising microbes, current technologies lack the high-throughput ability to quantitatively apportion carbon use by phylogentic groups and its use efficiency and destination within the microbial metabolome. It is this information that is required to inform rational manipulation of the plant-soil system to favour organisms or physiologies most important for promoting soil carbon storage in agricultural soil.

摘要

众所周知,自工业革命以来,由于人类活动,大气中二氧化碳(CO₂)(以及其他温室气体)的浓度显著增加。或许不太为人所知的是,天然土壤和人工管理的土壤是大气CO₂的重要源和汇,并且主要由于土壤微生物的活动,存在从土壤到大气的源自土壤的CO₂呼吸通量,这比化石燃料排放的年度CO₂通量高出十倍。因此,土壤碳循环的微小变化可能会对大气CO₂浓度产生重大影响。在此,我们讨论土壤微生物在全球碳循环中的作用,并综述用于鉴定负责处理植物光合碳输入到土壤中的微生物的主要方法。我们讨论这些技术的应用是否能够提供所需信息,以支持为实现碳固存和提高农业可持续性而对农业生态系统进行管理。我们得出结论,尽管当前技术对于鉴定利用植物源碳的微生物至关重要,但缺乏高通量能力来定量分配系统发育类群的碳利用情况及其在微生物代谢组中的利用效率和去向。而正是这种信息对于合理操纵植物 - 土壤系统以有利于对促进农业土壤碳储存最重要的生物体或生理过程至关重要。

https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/bdb2/4283042/275cd7bcf82b/jsfa0094-2362-f1.jpg

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