Division of Plant Industry, CSIRO, P.O. Box 1600, 2601, Canberra, A.C.T., Australia.
Planta. 1976 Jan;129(2):113-22. doi: 10.1007/BF00390017.
The mature seed of celery (Apium graveolens, L.) contains a small axile linear embryo surrounded by endosperm which occpies the bulk of the seed. The endosperm is living and consists of mostly large angular thick-walled cells containing aleurone grains (often with globoids) and lipid droplets. - Using de-embryonated seeds, it has been shown that the endosperm was induced to break down by gibberellin. The aleurone grains became swollen and lost their contents and the bulk of each cell wall was hydrolyzed. However, a thin resistant layer of wall remained around each protoplast. The wall hydrolysis caused the endosperm to break down into individual cells which could be plasmolyzed and therefore appeared to be still living. All cells of the endosperm responded to gibberellin in a similar way although the cells near the radicle appeared to degrade more rapidly than those elsewhere. There was no change in the absence of the hormone. The response was apparently specific to gibberellin and did not occur in the presence of ethylene, kinetin, abscisic acid and indole acetic acid. The results were the same in light and in darkness. - It has been thought that endosperm breakdown during germination of seed such as celery involved release of hydrolases from the expanding embryo. The results of this study indicate that endosperm breakdown might be caused by hydrolases arising in the endosperm itself in response to gibberellin released from the embryo.
芹菜（Apium graveolens，L.）成熟的种子中含有一个小的轴向线性胚，被胚乳包围，胚乳占据了种子的大部分。胚乳是活的，由大多数大的角状厚壁细胞组成，这些细胞含有糊粉粒（通常带有小球体）和脂滴。- 使用去胚种子表明，赤霉素诱导了胚乳的分解。糊粉粒膨胀并失去内容物，每个细胞壁的大部分被水解。然而，每个原生质体周围仍然保留着一层薄薄的抗性细胞壁。细胞壁水解导致胚乳分解成单个细胞，可以进行质壁分离，因此似乎仍然存活。胚乳的所有细胞对赤霉素的反应都相似，尽管靠近胚根的细胞似乎比其他地方的细胞降解得更快。在没有激素的情况下没有变化。这种反应显然是赤霉素特有的，不会在乙烯、激动素、脱落酸和吲哚乙酸存在的情况下发生。在光照和黑暗中结果相同。- 人们认为，芹菜等种子在萌发过程中胚乳的分解涉及到从膨胀的胚中释放水解酶。这项研究的结果表明，胚乳的分解可能是由胚乳自身产生的水解酶引起的，这些水解酶是对来自胚的赤霉素的反应。
