Immunology Section, Liver Diseases Branch, NIDDK, National Institutes of Health, DHHS, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
Immunology Section, Liver Diseases Branch, NIDDK, National Institutes of Health, DHHS, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
Immunity. 2014 Jan 16;40(1):13-24. doi: 10.1016/j.immuni.2013.12.010.
Five human hepatitis viruses cause most of the acute and chronic liver disease worldwide. Over the past 25 years, hepatitis C virus (HCV) in particular has received much interest because of its ability to persist in most immunocompetent adults and because of the lack of a protective vaccine. Here we examine innate and adaptive immune responses to HCV infection. Although HCV activates an innate immune response, it employs an elaborate set of mechanisms to evade interferon (IFN)-based antiviral immunity. By comparing innate and adaptive immune responses to HCV with those to hepatitis A and B viruses, we suggest that prolonged innate immune activation by HCV impairs the development of successful adaptive immune responses. Comparative immunology provides insights into the maintenance of immune protection. We conclude by discussing prospects for an HCV vaccine and future research needs for the hepatitis viruses.
五种人类肝炎病毒导致了全球大部分的急性和慢性肝病。在过去的 25 年中，丙型肝炎病毒（HCV）尤其受到关注，因为它能够在大多数免疫功能正常的成年人中持续存在，而且缺乏保护性疫苗。在这里，我们研究了对 HCV 感染的先天和适应性免疫反应。尽管 HCV 激活了先天免疫反应，但它采用了一系列精细的机制来逃避干扰素（IFN）为基础的抗病毒免疫。通过将 HCV 与甲型和乙型肝炎病毒的先天和适应性免疫反应进行比较，我们认为 HCV 引起的长期先天免疫激活会损害成功的适应性免疫反应的发展。比较免疫学为免疫保护的维持提供了深入的了解。最后，我们讨论了 HCV 疫苗的前景以及肝炎病毒未来的研究需求。
