Krabbendam Lydia, Hooker Christine I, Aleman André
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Schizophr Bull. 2014 Mar;40(2):248-51. doi: 10.1093/schbul/sbt233. Epub 2014 Jan 17.
Epidemiological studies have suggested that the association between city upbringing and minority status with risk for schizophrenia can be explained by social mechanisms. Neuroimaging approaches hold promise for investigating this claim. Recent studies have shown that in healthy individuals, city upbringing and minority status are associated with increased activity in brain circuits involved in emotion regulation during social evaluative processing. These findings support the hypothesis that changes in the ability to regulate social stress contribute to the mechanism of risk. This is in accordance with a body of evidence demonstrating the sensitivity of the human brain to social stress, based on observational studies investigating the neurological sequelae of interpersonal trauma and experimental studies manipulating exposure to interpersonal distress. In this report, we summarize these initial findings, discuss methodological and conceptual challenges of pursuing this line of inquiry in schizophrenia, and suggest an outline for future research.
流行病学研究表明，城市成长经历和少数族裔身份与精神分裂症风险之间的关联可以通过社会机制来解释。神经影像学方法有望对这一说法进行研究。最近的研究表明，在健康个体中，城市成长经历和少数族裔身份与社交评估过程中参与情绪调节的脑回路活动增加有关。这些发现支持了这样一种假设，即调节社会压力能力的变化促成了风险机制。这与一系列证据相符，这些证据基于调查人际创伤神经后遗症的观察性研究以及操纵人际困扰暴露的实验性研究，证明了人类大脑对社会压力的敏感性。在本报告中，我们总结了这些初步发现，讨论了在精神分裂症研究中开展这一研究方向所面临的方法学和概念性挑战，并提出了未来研究的大纲。
