Departament of Mechanical and Mechatronics Engineering, Numerical Methods and Modeling Group Research (GNUM), Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá, Colombia; Group of Mechanobiology of Organs and Biological Tissues (Mech+Biol_UN), Biomimetics Laboratory, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá, Colombia.
Departament of Mechanical and Mechatronics Engineering, Numerical Methods and Modeling Group Research (GNUM), Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá, Colombia.
Bone. 2014 Apr;61:132-7. doi: 10.1016/j.bone.2014.01.007. Epub 2014 Jan 18.
Clavicle development arises from mesenchymal cells condensed as a cord extending from the acromion towards the sternal primordium. First two primary ossification centers form, extending to develop the body of the clavicle through intramembranous ossification. However, at its ends this same bone also displays endochondral ossification. So how can the clavicle be formed by both types of ossification? Developmental events associated with clavicle formation have mainly used histological studies as supporting evidence. Nonetheless, mechanisms of biological events such as molecular and mechanical effects remain to be determined. The objective of this work was to provide a mathematical explanation of embryological events based on two serial phases: first formation of an ossified matrix by intramembranous ossification based on three factors: systemic, local biochemical, and mechanical factors. After this initial phase expansion of the ossified matrix follows with mesenchymal cell differentiation into chondrocytes for posterior endochondral ossification. Our model provides strong evidence for clavicle formation integrating molecules and mechanical stimuli through partial differentiation equations using finite element analysis.
锁骨的发育源于间充质细胞的凝聚，形成一条从肩峰向胸骨原基延伸的索状结构。首先形成两个初级骨化中心，通过膜内骨化延伸至锁骨体的发育。然而，在其两端，同样的骨骼也显示出软骨内骨化。那么，锁骨怎么能通过两种类型的骨化形成呢？与锁骨形成相关的发育事件主要使用组织学研究作为支持证据。尽管如此，分子和机械等生物事件的机制仍有待确定。本工作的目的是基于两个连续阶段，提供对胚胎事件的数学解释：首先，基于三个因素（系统、局部生化和机械因素）通过膜内骨化形成一个骨化基质。在这个初始阶段之后，骨化基质的扩张伴随着间充质细胞分化为软骨细胞，以进行后续的软骨内骨化。我们的模型通过有限元分析使用偏微分方程为锁骨形成提供了强有力的证据，整合了分子和机械刺激。
