Ahmadi Nastaran, Goodarzi Mohammad Ali, Hadianfard Habib, Mohamadi Norolah, Farid Daryush, Kholasehzadeh Golrasteh, Sakhvidi Mohammad Nadi, Hemyari Camellia
Psychiatry and Psychology Research Centre, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran ; Department of Clinical Psychology, School of Education and Psychology, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran.
Department of Clinical Psychology, School of Education and Psychology, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran.
Iran J Psychiatry. 2013 Aug;8(3):131-7.
Children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) do not process most information due to inattention and loss of the opportunity to save and retrieve information. Therefore, these children experience memory impairment. Although visual memory has been previously studied in children with ADHD, iconic memory in these children has been less evaluated. We aimed to study the possibility of iconic memory impairment in children with ADHD, and compare the results with that of children without ADHD.
The experimental group of this study were 6-9 year-old children who referred to the Imam Hosein Clinic and were diagnosed as having ADHD by a psychiatrist during 2011-2012 (n = 30).The subjects were interviewed clinically by a psychologist; and in order to diagnose ADHD, their parents and teachers were asked to complete the child symptom inventory-4 (CSI-4). The comparison group were 6-9 year-old children without ADHD who studied in 1st and 2nd educational district of Yazd (n = 30). Subjects' iconic memory was assessed using an iconic memory task. Repeated measure ANOVA was used for data analysis.
Based on the iconic memory test, the mean score of ADHD children was significantly lower than that of children without ADHD (P < 0.001). Moreover, the performance of the experimental group differed significantly when the duration of the presentation differed from 50 ms to 100 ms as compared to the control group (P < 0.001). The number of correct answers increased in the experimental group as the duration of presentation increased. However, children with ADHD scored less than children without ADHD at 50 ms as well as 100 ms. The means of ADHD children increased as the duration of the presentation increased from 50 ms to 100 ms to 300 ms (P < 0.001).
Visual memory is weaker in children with ADHD, and they have weaker performance than normal children in both visual and auditory symbols at presentation durations of 50 and 100 ms. The performance of ADHD children improves as the stimulation time increases.
注意力缺陷多动障碍（ADHD）患儿由于注意力不集中以及失去保存和检索信息的机会，无法处理大多数信息。因此，这些患儿存在记忆障碍。尽管此前已对ADHD患儿的视觉记忆进行过研究，但对这些患儿的图像记忆评估较少。我们旨在研究ADHD患儿存在图像记忆障碍的可能性，并将结果与非ADHD患儿进行比较。
本研究的实验组为2011 - 2012年间转诊至伊玛目侯赛因诊所且被精神科医生诊断为ADHD的6 - 9岁儿童（n = 30）。受试者由一名心理学家进行临床访谈；为诊断ADHD，要求其父母和教师完成儿童症状量表 - 4（CSI - 4）。对照组为在亚兹德第一和第二教育区就读的6 - 9岁非ADHD儿童（n = 30）。使用图像记忆任务评估受试者的图像记忆。采用重复测量方差分析进行数据分析。
基于图像记忆测试，ADHD患儿的平均得分显著低于非ADHD患儿（P < 0.001）。此外，与对照组相比，当呈现持续时间从50毫秒变为100毫秒时，实验组的表现差异显著（P < 0.001）。随着呈现持续时间的增加，实验组的正确答案数量增加。然而，在50毫秒和100毫秒时，ADHD患儿的得分均低于非ADHD患儿。随着呈现持续时间从50毫秒增加到100毫秒再到300毫秒，ADHD患儿的平均分有所增加（P < 0.001）。
ADHD患儿的视觉记忆较弱，在50毫秒和100毫秒的呈现持续时间下，他们在视觉和听觉符号方面的表现均弱于正常儿童。随着刺激时间的增加，ADHD患儿的表现有所改善。
