Craig Francesco, Margari Francesco, Legrottaglie Anna R, Palumbi Roberto, de Giambattista Concetta, Margari Lucia
Child Neuropsychiatry Unit, Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neuroscience and Sense Organs, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", Bari, Italy.
Psychiatry Unit, Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neuroscience and Sense Organs, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", Bari, Italy.
Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat. 2016 May 12;12:1191-202. doi: 10.2147/NDT.S104620. eCollection 2016.
Executive dysfunction has been shown to be a promising endophenotype in neurodevelopmental disorders such as autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). This article reviewed 26 studies that examined executive function comparing ASD and/or ADHD children. In light of findings from this review, the ASD + ADHD group appears to share impairment in both flexibility and planning with the ASD group, while it shares the response inhibition deficit with the ADHD group. Conversely, deficit in attention, working memory, preparatory processes, fluency, and concept formation does not appear to be distinctive in discriminating from ASD, ADHD, or ASD + ADHD group. On the basis of neurocognitive endophenotype, the common co-occurrence of executive function deficits seems to reflect an additive comorbidity, rather than a separate condition with distinct impairments.
执行功能障碍已被证明是自闭症谱系障碍（ASD）和注意力缺陷多动障碍（ADHD）等神经发育障碍中一种很有前景的内表型。本文回顾了26项比较ASD和/或ADHD儿童执行功能的研究。根据该综述的结果，ASD+ADHD组在灵活性和计划性方面似乎与ASD组有共同损害，而在反应抑制缺陷方面与ADHD组相同。相反，注意力、工作记忆、准备过程、流畅性和概念形成方面的缺陷在区分ASD组、ADHD组或ASD+ADHD组时似乎并无独特之处。基于神经认知内表型，执行功能缺陷的常见共现似乎反映的是一种累加性共病，而非具有不同损害的单独病症。
