Schildhaus Noam, Trink Eliana, Polson Chirs, Detolla Louis, Tyler Betty M, Jallo George I, Tok Sino, Guarnieri Michael
Department of Neurological Surgery, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.
Departments of Pathology, Medicine, Epidemiology and Public Health, School of Medicine, The Program of Comparative Medicine, University of Maryland, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.
J Pharm Bioallied Sci. 2014 Jan;6(1):43-7. doi: 10.4103/0975-7406.124316.
The change in the reaction time of a tail or paw exposed to a thermal stimulus is a measure of nociceptive activity in laboratory animals. Tail-flick and plantar thermal sensitivity (Hargreaves) tests are non-invasive, minimize stress, and can be used to screen animals for phenotype and drug activity.
Hargreaves testing has been widely used in rats. We investigated its use to measure the activity of opiate analgesia in mice.
Mice were used in thermal stimulus studies at 1-5 hours and 1-5 days to test acute and extended release preparations of buprenorphine.
Hargreaves testing had limited value at 1-5 hours because mice can have an obtunded response to opiate therapy. Tail-flick studies with restrained mice are not affected by the initial locomotor stimulation.
The present report describes a simple restraint system for mice. The utility of the system is demonstrated by examining the efficacy of acute and extended release buprenorphine injections in Balb/c and Swiss mice.
Standardized tail-flick testing provides a sensitive robust method to monitor opiate activity in mice.
尾巴或爪子暴露于热刺激时反应时间的变化是衡量实验动物伤害性感受活动的指标。甩尾试验和足底热敏感性（哈格里夫斯）试验是非侵入性的，能将应激降至最低，可用于筛选动物的表型和药物活性。
哈格里夫斯试验已在大鼠中广泛应用。我们研究了其用于测量小鼠阿片类镇痛活性的情况。
使用小鼠进行热刺激研究，时间为1 - 5小时和1 - 5天，以测试丁丙诺啡的急性和缓释制剂。
在1 - 5小时时，哈格里夫斯试验价值有限，因为小鼠对阿片类治疗可能反应迟钝。对受约束小鼠进行的甩尾研究不受初始运动刺激的影响。
本报告描述了一种适用于小鼠的简单约束系统。通过检测急性和缓释丁丙诺啡注射在Balb/c和瑞士小鼠中的疗效，证明了该系统的实用性。
标准化的甩尾试验为监测小鼠阿片类活性提供了一种灵敏可靠的方法。
