Coetzee Peter, van Vuuren Moritz, Venter Estelle H, Stokstad Maria
Department of Veterinary Tropical Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Pretoria, Private Bag X04, Onderstepoort, Pretoria 0110, South Africa; Department of Production Animal Clinical Sciences, Norwegian School of Veterinary Science, P. O. Box 8146 Dep., N-0033 Oslo, Norway.
Department of Veterinary Tropical Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Pretoria, Private Bag X04, Onderstepoort, Pretoria 0110, South Africa.
Virus Res. 2014 Mar;182:21-34. doi: 10.1016/j.virusres.2013.12.044. Epub 2014 Jan 24.
Experimental infection studies with bluetongue virus (BTV) in the mammalian host have a history that stretches back to the late 18th century. Studies in a wide range of ruminant and camelid species as well as mice have been instrumental in understanding BTV transmission, bluetongue (BT) pathogenicity/pathogenesis, viral virulence, the induced immune response, as well as reproductive failures associated with BTV infection. These studies have in many cases been complemented by in vitro studies with BTV in different cell types in tissue culture. Together these studies have formed the basis for the understanding of BTV-host interaction and have contributed to the design of successful control strategies, including the development of effective vaccines. This review describes some of the fundamental and contemporary infection studies that have been conducted with BTV in the mammalian host and provides an overview of the principal animal welfare issues that should be considered when designing experimental infection studies with BTV in in vivo infection models. Examples are provided from the authors' own laboratory where the three Rs (replacement, reduction and refinement) have been implemented in the design of experimental infection studies with BTV in mice and goats. The use of the ARRIVE guidelines for the reporting of data from animal infection studies is emphasized.
在哺乳动物宿主中进行的蓝舌病毒（BTV）实验性感染研究的历史可以追溯到18世纪后期。对多种反刍动物、骆驼科动物以及小鼠的研究，有助于理解BTV的传播、蓝舌病（BT）的致病性/发病机制、病毒毒力、诱导的免疫反应以及与BTV感染相关的繁殖失败。在许多情况下，这些研究通过在组织培养中对不同细胞类型进行BTV的体外研究得到了补充。这些研究共同构成了理解BTV与宿主相互作用的基础，并为成功控制策略的设计做出了贡献，包括有效疫苗的开发。本综述描述了一些在哺乳动物宿主中进行的关于BTV的基础和当代感染研究，并概述了在体内感染模型中设计BTV实验性感染研究时应考虑的主要动物福利问题。作者自己的实验室提供了一些例子，即在小鼠和山羊中设计BTV实验性感染研究时实施了3R原则（替代、减少和优化）。强调了使用ARRIVE指南报告动物感染研究数据的重要性。
