Uddman R, Sundler F
Department of Otolaryngology, Malmö General Hospital, Sweden.
Am Rev Respir Dis. 1987 Dec;136(6 Pt 2):S3-8. doi: 10.1164/ajrccm/136.6_Pt_2.S3.
Nerve fibers containing neuropeptide Y, vasoactive intestinal polypeptide/peptide histidine isoleucine, substance P/neurokinin A (NKA), calcitonin-gene-related peptide (CGRP), and galanin are numerous in the respiratory tract. The fibers derive from several different ganglia such as the superior cervical and stellate ganglia, the jugular-nodose ganglionic complex, small ganglia along the vagus nerve, local ganglionic formations in the tracheal wall, and dorsal root ganglia at the cervical and thoracic level. The fibers surround vascular and nonvascular smooth muscle and seromucous glands and can be seen beneath the surface epithelium. In addition, nerve fibers containing substance P/NKA and CGRP penetrate into the surface epithelium. In some instances, neuropeptides are colocalized with "classic" neurotransmitters such as norepinephrine and acetylcholine; in other cases, several peptides coexist. Many of the neuropeptides affect blood flow, smooth muscle tone, and/or seromucous secretion. Some of them may take part in reflex-mediated responses. However, the lack of specific antagonists makes it difficult to define their functional role in the respiratory tract.
呼吸道中含有神经肽Y、血管活性肠多肽/肽组氨酸异亮氨酸、P物质/神经激肽A（NKA）、降钙素基因相关肽（CGRP）和甘丙肽的神经纤维数量众多。这些纤维源自几个不同的神经节，如颈上神经节和星状神经节、颈静脉-结状神经节复合体、沿迷走神经的小神经节、气管壁中的局部神经节结构以及颈段和胸段的背根神经节。这些纤维围绕着血管和平滑肌以及浆液黏液腺，并且可见于表面上皮之下。此外，含有P物质/NKA和CGRP的神经纤维可穿透至表面上皮。在某些情况下，神经肽与“经典”神经递质如去甲肾上腺素和乙酰胆碱共定位；在其他情况下，几种肽共存。许多神经肽会影响血流、平滑肌张力和/或浆液黏液分泌。其中一些可能参与反射介导的反应。然而，由于缺乏特异性拮抗剂，难以确定它们在呼吸道中的功能作用。
