Radboud University Nijmegen, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition, and Behaviour, The Netherlands.
University of Chicago, United States.
Infant Behav Dev. 2014 Feb;37(1):94-104. doi: 10.1016/j.infbeh.2013.12.013. Epub 2014 Jan 25.
Recent findings across a variety of domains reveal the benefits of self-produced experience on object exploration, object knowledge, attention, and action perception. The influence of active experience may be particularly important in infancy, when motor development is undergoing great changes. Despite the importance of self-produced experience, we know that infants and young children are eventually able to gain knowledge through purely observational experience. In the current work, three-month-old infants were given experience with object-directed actions in one of three forms and their recognition of the goal of grasping actions was then assessed in a habituation paradigm. All infants were given the chance to manually interact with the toys without assistance (a difficult task for most three-month-olds). Two of the three groups were then given additional experience with object-directed actions, either through active training (in which Velcro mittens helped infants act more efficiently) or observational training. Findings support the conclusion that self-produced experience is uniquely informative for action perception and suggest that individual differences in spontaneous motor activity may interact with observational experience to inform action perception early in life.
最近在多个领域的发现揭示了自我产生的经验在物体探索、物体知识、注意力和动作感知方面的好处。主动经验的影响在婴儿期可能特别重要，因为那时运动发展正在发生巨大变化。尽管自我产生的经验很重要，但我们知道婴儿和幼儿最终能够通过纯粹的观察经验获得知识。在当前的工作中，三个月大的婴儿以三种形式之一获得了针对物体的动作的经验，然后在习惯化范式中评估他们对抓握动作目标的识别。所有婴儿都有机会在没有帮助的情况下手动与玩具互动（这对大多数三个月大的婴儿来说是一项困难的任务）。然后，其中两组婴儿通过主动训练（其中魔术贴手套帮助婴儿更有效地行动）或观察训练获得了更多针对物体的动作经验。研究结果支持这样的结论，即自我产生的经验对动作感知具有独特的信息价值，并表明自发运动活动的个体差异可能与观察经验相互作用，从而在生命早期告知动作感知。
