Cejka Nadine, Knechtle Beat, Rüst Christoph A, Rosemann Thomas, Lepers Romuald
1Institute of General Practice and for Health Services Research, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland; 2Gesundheitszentrum St. Gallen, St. Gallen, Switzerland; and 3INSERM U1093, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Burgundy, Dijon, France.
J Strength Cond Res. 2015 May;29(5):1180-90. doi: 10.1519/JSC.0000000000000370.
The purpose of this cross-sectional study was to investigate the change in 100-km running performance and in the age of peak performance for 100-km ultramarathoners. Age and running speed of the annual fastest women and men in all 100-km ultramarathons held worldwide between 1960 and 2012 were analyzed in 148,017 finishes with 18,998 women and 129,019 men using single, multivariate, and nonlinear regressions. Running speed of the annual fastest men increased from 8.67 to 15.65 km.h(-1) and from 8.06 to 13.22 km.h(-1) for the annual fastest women. For the annual 10 fastest men, running speed increased from 10.23 ± 1.22 to 15.05 ± 0.29 km.h(-1) (p < 0.0001) and for the annual 10 fastest women from 7.18 ± 1.54 to 13.03 ± 0.18 km.h(-1) (p < 0.0001). The sex difference decreased from 56.1 to 16.3% for the annual fastest finishers (p < 0.0001) and from 46.7 ± 8.7% to 14.0 ± 1.2% for the annual 10 fastest finishers (p < 0.0001). The age of the annual fastest men increased from 29 to 40 years (p = 0.025). For the annual fastest women, the age remained unchanged at 35.0 ± 9.7 years (p = 0.469). For the annual 10 fastest women and men, the age remained unchanged at 34.9 ± 3.2 (p = 0.902) and 34.5 ± 2.5 years (p = 0.064), respectively. To summarize, 100-km ultramarathoners became faster, the sex difference in performance decreased but the age of the fastest finishers remained unchanged at ∼ 35 years. For athletes and coaches to plan a career as 100-km ultramarathoner, the age of the fastest female and male 100-km ultramarathoners remained unchanged at ∼ 35 years between 1960 and 2012 although the runners improved their performance over time.
这项横断面研究的目的是调查100公里超级马拉松运动员的100公里跑步成绩变化以及最佳成绩年龄的变化。对1960年至2012年期间在全球范围内举办的所有100公里超级马拉松比赛中年度最快的女性和男性的年龄及跑步速度进行了分析，在148,017次完赛成绩中，有18,998名女性和129,019名男性，采用了单变量、多变量和非线性回归分析。年度最快男性的跑步速度从8.67公里/小时提高到了15.65公里/小时，年度最快女性的跑步速度从8.06公里/小时提高到了13.22公里/小时。对于年度最快的10名男性，跑步速度从10.23±1.22公里/小时提高到了15.05±0.29公里/小时（p<0.0001），对于年度最快的10名女性，跑步速度从7.18±1.54公里/小时提高到了13.03±0.18公里/小时（p<0.0001）。年度最快完赛者的性别差异从56.1%降至16.3%（p<0.0001），年度最快的10名完赛者的性别差异从46.7±8.7%降至14.0±1.2%（p<0.0001）。年度最快男性的年龄从29岁增加到了40岁（p = 0.025）。对于年度最快女性，年龄保持在35.0±9.7岁不变（p = 0.469）。对于年度最快的10名女性和男性，年龄分别保持在34.9±3.2岁（p = 0.902）和34.5±2.5岁不变（p = 0.064）。总之，100公里超级马拉松运动员跑得更快了，成绩的性别差异减小了，但最快完赛者的年龄在35岁左右保持不变。对于运动员和教练规划100公里超级马拉松职业生涯来说，1960年至2012年期间，100公里超级马拉松最快的女性和男性年龄在35岁左右保持不变，尽管随着时间推移跑步者的成绩有所提高。
