Zvolensky Michael J, Farris Samantha G, Schmidt Norman B, Smits Jasper A J
University of Houston, Department of Psychology.
Florida State University, Department of Psychology.
Exp Clin Psychopharmacol. 2014 Jun;22(3):229-237. doi: 10.1037/a0035306. Epub 2014 Feb 3.
Recent scholarly attention has focused on explicating the nature of tobacco use among anxiety-vulnerable smokers. Anxiety sensitivity (fear of aversive internal anxiety states) is a cognitive-affective individual difference factor related to the development and maintenance of anxiety symptoms and disorders and various smoking processes. The present study examined the cross-sectional associations between anxiety sensitivity and a range of cognitive and behavioral smoking processes, and the mediating role of the tendency to respond inflexibly and with avoidance in the presence of smoking-related distress (i.e., avoidance and inflexibility to smoking [AIS]) in such relations. Participants (n = 466) were treatment-seeking daily tobacco smokers recruited as part of a larger tobacco cessation study. Baseline (pretreatment) data were utilized. Self-report measures were used to assess anxiety sensitivity, AIS, and 4 criterion variables: barriers to smoking cessation, quit attempt history, severity of problematic symptoms reported in past quit attempts, and mood-management smoking expectancies. Results indicated that anxiety sensitivity was indirectly related to greater barriers to cessation, greater number of prior quit attempts and greater mood-management smoking expectancies through the tendency to respond inflexibly/avoid to the presence of distressing smoking-related thoughts, feelings, and internal sensations; but not severity of problems experienced while quitting. The present findings suggest AIS may be an explanatory mechanism between anxiety sensitivity and certain smoking processes.
最近，学术关注聚焦于阐释易焦虑吸烟者的烟草使用本质。焦虑敏感性（对厌恶的内在焦虑状态的恐惧）是一种认知-情感个体差异因素，与焦虑症状和障碍的发展及维持以及各种吸烟过程相关。本研究考察了焦虑敏感性与一系列认知和行为吸烟过程之间的横断面关联，以及在存在与吸烟相关的困扰时（即对吸烟的回避和僵化反应[AIS]），僵化和回避反应倾向在此类关系中的中介作用。参与者（n = 466）是作为一项更大规模戒烟研究的一部分招募的寻求治疗的每日吸烟者。使用了基线（治疗前）数据。采用自我报告测量方法来评估焦虑敏感性、AIS以及4个标准变量：戒烟障碍、戒烟尝试史、过去戒烟尝试中报告的问题症状严重程度以及情绪管理吸烟预期。结果表明，焦虑敏感性通过在面对令人痛苦的吸烟相关想法、感受和内在感觉时僵化/回避的反应倾向，与更高的戒烟障碍、更多的既往戒烟尝试次数以及更高的情绪管理吸烟预期间接相关；但与戒烟时经历的问题严重程度无关。本研究结果表明，AIS可能是焦虑敏感性与某些吸烟过程之间的一种解释机制。
