College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York State Psychiatric Institute, Unit 74, 1051 Riverside Drive, New York, NY, 10032, USA,
Neuropsychol Rev. 2014 Mar;24(1):3-15. doi: 10.1007/s11065-014-9251-z. Epub 2014 Feb 5.
Psychopathology is increasingly viewed from a circuit perspective in which a disorder stems not from circumscribed anomalies in discrete brain regions, but rather from impairments in distributed neural networks. This focus on neural circuitry has rendered resting state functional connectivity MRI (rs-fcMRI) an increasingly important role in the elucidation of pathophysiology including attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Unlike many other MRI techniques that focus on the properties of discrete brain regions, rs-fcMRI measures the coherence of neural activity across anatomically disparate brain regions, examining the connectivity and organization of neural circuits. In this review, we explore the methods available to investigators using rs-fcMRI techniques, including a discussion of their relative merits and limitations. We then review findings from extant rs-fcMRI studies of ADHD focusing on neural circuits implicated in the disorder, especially the default mode network, cognitive control network, and cortico-striato-thalamo-cortical loops. We conclude by suggesting future directions that may help advance subsequent rs-fcMRI research in ADHD.
从回路的角度来看，精神病理学的研究越来越多，在这种观点中，一种障碍不是源于离散脑区的特定异常，而是源于分布式神经网络的损伤。这种对神经回路的关注使得静息态功能磁共振成像(rs-fcMRI)在阐明包括注意缺陷多动障碍(ADHD)在内的病理生理学方面发挥了越来越重要的作用。与许多其他专注于离散脑区特性的 MRI 技术不同，rs-fcMRI 测量了跨解剖差异脑区的神经活动的一致性，检查了神经回路的连通性和组织。在这篇综述中，我们探讨了研究人员使用 rs-fcMRI 技术的方法，包括对其相对优点和局限性的讨论。然后，我们回顾了 ADHD 的 rs-fcMRI 研究结果，重点关注与该疾病相关的神经回路，特别是默认模式网络、认知控制网络和皮质-纹状体-丘脑-皮质回路。最后，我们提出了可能有助于推进 ADHD 后续 rs-fcMRI 研究的未来方向。
