a Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado Denver , Anschutz Medical Campus , Aurora , CO , 80045 , USA.
Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr. 2014;54(9):1158-66. doi: 10.1080/10408398.2011.629352.
The obesity epidemic has prompted researchers to find effective weight-loss and maintenance tools. Weight loss and subsequent maintenance are reliant on energy balance--the net difference between energy intake and energy expenditure. Negative energy balance, lower intake than expenditure, results in weight loss whereas positive energy balance, greater intake than expenditure, results in weight gain. Resistant starch has many attributes, which could promote weight loss and/or maintenance including reduced postprandial insulinemia, increased release of gut satiety peptides, increased fat oxidation, lower fat storage in adipocytes, and preservation of lean body mass. Retention of lean body mass during weight loss or maintenance would prevent the decrease in basal metabolic rate and, therefore, the decrease in total energy expenditure, that occurs with weight loss. In addition, the fiber-like properties of resistant starch may increase the thermic effect of food, thereby increasing total energy expenditure. Due to its ability to increase fat oxidation and reduce fat storage in adipocytes, resistant starch has recently been promoted in the popular press as a "weight loss wonder food". This review focuses on data describing the effects of resistant starch on body weight, energy intake, energy expenditure, and body composition to determine if there is sufficient evidence to warrant these claims.
肥胖症的流行促使研究人员寻找有效的减肥和维持体重的工具。减肥和随后的维持体重依赖于能量平衡，即能量摄入和能量消耗之间的净差异。负能平衡，即摄入的能量少于支出的能量，会导致体重减轻，而正能平衡，即摄入的能量多于支出的能量，会导致体重增加。抗性淀粉具有许多特性，这些特性可能有助于减肥和/或维持体重，包括降低餐后胰岛素血症、增加肠道饱腹感肽的释放、增加脂肪氧化、减少脂肪在脂肪细胞中的储存，以及保持瘦体重。在减肥或维持体重期间保持瘦体重可以防止基础代谢率下降，从而防止随着体重减轻而导致的总能量消耗下降。此外，抗性淀粉的纤维样特性可能会增加食物的热效应，从而增加总能量消耗。由于其能够增加脂肪氧化和减少脂肪在脂肪细胞中的储存，抗性淀粉最近在大众媒体上被宣传为一种“减肥奇迹食品”。本综述重点介绍了描述抗性淀粉对体重、能量摄入、能量消耗和身体成分影响的数据，以确定是否有足够的证据支持这些说法。
