Kadir Farkaad A, Kassim Normadiah M, Abdulla Mahmood A, Yehye Wageeh A
Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia.
BMC Complement Altern Med. 2013 Oct 30;13:294. doi: 10.1186/1472-6882-13-294.
Oxidative stress due to abnormal induction of reactive oxygen species (ROS) molecules is believed to be involved in the etiology of many diseases. Evidences suggest that ROS is involved in nephrotoxicity through frequent exposure to industrial toxic agents such as thioacetamide (TAA). The current investigation was designed to explore the possible protective effects of the leaves of Vitex negundo(VN) extract against TAA-induced nephrotoxicity in rats.
Twenty four Sprague Dawleyrats were divided into four groups: (A) Normal control, (B) TAA (0.03% w/v in drinking water), (C) VN100 (VN 100 mg/kg + TAA) and (D) VN300 (VN 300 mg/kg + TAA). Blood urea and serum creatinine levels were measured,supraoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels of renal tissue were assayed. Histopathological analysis together with the oxidative stress nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidase p22phox in kidney sections were examined in all experimental groups.
Blood urea and serum creatinine levels were increased in TAA group as a result of the nephrotoxicity compared to the VN100 and VN300 groups where, the levels were significantly decreased (p < 0.05). Renal MDA level was significantly decreased (p < 0.05) in the VN-treated groups with increased CAT and SOD activities compared to the TAA group. Light microscopic examination of renal tissues stained by H&E stain and Masson's Trichrome for TAA-treated groups revealed severe histopathological changes, whereas specimens obtained from VN-treated groups showed only mild changes. These findings were supported by immunohistochemical results.
VN extract acts as a natural potent antioxidant to prevent ongoing TAA-induced nephrotoxicity in rats, both biochemically and morphologically.
活性氧（ROS）分子的异常诱导所导致的氧化应激被认为与许多疾病的病因有关。有证据表明，频繁接触工业毒物如硫代乙酰胺（TAA）会使ROS参与肾毒性作用。本研究旨在探讨黄荆叶提取物对TAA诱导的大鼠肾毒性可能的保护作用。
将24只Sprague Dawley大鼠分为四组：（A）正常对照组，（B）TAA组（饮用水中含0.03% w/v的TAA），（C）VN100组（VN 100 mg/kg + TAA）和（D）VN300组（VN 300 mg/kg + TAA）。检测血尿素和血清肌酐水平，测定肾组织中超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）、过氧化氢酶（CAT）和丙二醛（MDA）水平。对所有实验组的肾组织切片进行组织病理学分析以及氧化应激烟酰胺腺嘌呤二核苷酸磷酸（NADPH）氧化酶p22phox检测。
与VN100组和VN300组相比，TAA组由于肾毒性导致血尿素和血清肌酐水平升高，而VN100组和VN300组的这些水平显著降低（p < 0.05）。与TAA组相比，VN处理组的肾MDA水平显著降低（p < 0.05），CAT和SOD活性增加。对TAA处理组的肾组织进行苏木精-伊红（H&E）染色和Masson三色染色的光镜检查显示出严重的组织病理学变化，而VN处理组的标本仅显示轻度变化。免疫组化结果支持了这些发现。
VN提取物作为一种天然强效抗氧化剂，在生化和形态学方面均可预防TAA诱导的大鼠肾毒性。
