Faculty of Food Technology and Biotechnology, University of Zagreb, Pierottijeva 6, HR-10000 Zagreb, Croatia.
Croatian Forest Research Institute, Cvjetno Naselje 41, 10450 Jastrebarsko, Croatia.
Ecotoxicol Environ Saf. 2014 Mar;101:116-23. doi: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2013.12.022. Epub 2014 Jan 11.
We studied the effects of five imidiazolium based ionic liquids with different anions and length of alkyl chains linked to imidazolium ring on the early development of barley (Hordeum vulgare). The inhibitory effect depends on the ionic liquids concentration and chemical structure, whereby the most toxic one was [C10mim][Br], followed by [C7mim][Br], [C4mim][Br], [C4mim][CH3CO2] and [C4mim][BF4]. Both anion and cation structures affected the toxicity of ionic liquid indicating that selection of more biocompatible anions such as [CH3CO2] does not necessarily indicate lower toxicity. Alternation in the extent of oxidative stress and antioxidant enzymes activities were found in barley plants due to ionic liquid treatments. When seedlings were exposed to higher concentrations of ionic liquids, antioxidant system could not effectively remove reactive oxidative species, leading to lipid peroxidation and damage of the photosynthetic system. However, overall data indicated that the performance of barley seedling was improved when all measured enzymes involved in scavenging of reactive oxygen species (ROS) were increased with special emphasis on GPX activities. Since there are no studies about ionic liquid (IL) toxicity in plants, that simultaneously evaluates the antioxidative enzyme system in response to different ILs, this work is valuable for gaining knowledge about the protection mechanism of plants from oxidative stress caused by IL exposure.
我们研究了五种不同阴离子和连接到咪唑环的烷基链长度的咪唑鎓基离子液体对大麦（Hordeum vulgare）早期发育的影响。抑制作用取决于离子液体的浓度和化学结构，其中毒性最大的是[C10mim][Br]，其次是[C7mim][Br]、[C4mim][Br]、[C4mim][CH3CO2]和[C4mim][BF4]。阴离子和阳离子结构都影响离子液体的毒性，这表明选择更具生物相容性的阴离子（如[CH3CO2]）并不一定意味着毒性较低。由于离子液体处理，大麦植物中发现氧化应激和抗氧化酶活性发生了变化。当幼苗暴露于较高浓度的离子液体时，抗氧化系统无法有效清除活性氧化物质，导致脂质过氧化和光合作用系统受损。然而，总体数据表明，当涉及清除活性氧（ROS）的所有测量酶（特别是 GPX 活性）增加时，大麦幼苗的性能得到了改善。由于目前尚无关于植物中离子液体（IL）毒性的研究，该研究同时评估了抗氧化酶系统对不同 IL 的反应，因此这项工作对于了解植物从 IL 暴露引起的氧化应激中保护机制的知识具有重要价值。
