University of Zurich, Children's Hospital, and Christine Kühne-Center for Allergy Research and Education, Zurich, Switzerland.
Swiss Institute of Allergy and Asthma Research (SIAF), University of Zurich and Christine Kühne-Center for Allergy Research and Education, Zurich, Switzerland.
J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2014 Apr;133(4):1056-64. doi: 10.1016/j.jaci.2013.12.1044. Epub 2014 Feb 6.
The role of dietary factors in the development of allergies is a topic of debate, especially the potential associations between infant feeding practices and allergic diseases. Previously, we reported that increased food diversity introduced during the first year of life reduced the risk of atopic dermatitis.
In this study we investigated the association between the introduction of food during the first year of life and the development of asthma, allergic rhinitis, food allergy, or atopic sensitization, taking precautions to address reverse causality. We further analyzed the association between food diversity and gene expression of T-cell markers and of Cε germline transcript, reflecting antibody isotype switching to IgE, measured at 6 years of age.
Eight hundred fifty-six children who participated in a birth cohort study, Protection Against Allergy Study in Rural Environments/EFRAIM, were included. Feeding practices were reported by parents in monthly diaries during the first year of life. Data on environmental factors and allergic diseases were collected from questionnaires administered from birth up to 6 years of age.
An increased diversity of complementary food introduced in the first year of life was inversely associated with asthma with a dose-response effect (adjusted odds ratio with each additional food item introduced, 0.74 [95% CI, 0.61-0.89]). A similar effect was observed for food allergy and food sensitization. Furthermore, increased food diversity was significantly associated with an increased expression of forkhead box protein 3 and a decreased expression of Cε germline transcript.
An increased diversity of food within the first year of life might have a protective effect on asthma, food allergy, and food sensitization and is associated with increased expression of a marker for regulatory T cells.
饮食因素在过敏发展中的作用是一个有争议的话题，尤其是婴儿喂养方式与过敏性疾病之间的潜在关联。此前，我们报告称，在生命的第一年引入更多种类的食物可以降低特应性皮炎的风险。
本研究旨在调查生命第一年引入食物与哮喘、过敏性鼻炎、食物过敏或特应性致敏发展之间的关联，同时注意解决反向因果关系。我们进一步分析了食物多样性与 T 细胞标志物和 Cε 胚系转录物基因表达之间的关联，这些标志物和基因表达反映了 6 岁时抗体同种型向 IgE 的转换。
本研究纳入了 856 名参与农村环境过敏保护研究/EFRAIM 出生队列研究的儿童。父母在生命第一年通过每月日记报告喂养方式。从出生到 6 岁期间通过问卷调查收集环境因素和过敏性疾病的数据。
生命第一年引入的补充食物多样性增加与哮喘呈负相关，具有剂量反应效应（每增加一种引入的食物，调整后的比值比为 0.74 [95%CI，0.61-0.89]）。同样的效应也观察到了食物过敏和食物致敏。此外，食物多样性的增加与叉头框蛋白 3 的表达增加和 Cε 胚系转录物的表达减少显著相关。
生命的第一年增加食物多样性可能对哮喘、食物过敏和食物致敏具有保护作用，并且与调节性 T 细胞标志物的表达增加有关。
