Ribeiro José M C, Chagas Andrezza C, Pham Van M, Lounibos L P, Calvo Eric
Laboratory of Malaria and Vector Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, 12735 Twinbrook Parkway, Rockville, MD 20852, USA.
Laboratory of Malaria and Vector Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, 12735 Twinbrook Parkway, Rockville, MD 20852, USA.
Insect Biochem Mol Biol. 2014 Jan;44:23-32. doi: 10.1016/j.ibmb.2013.10.006. Epub 2013 Oct 26.
The Nematocera infraorder Culicomorpha is believed to have descended from bloodfeeding ancestors over 200 million years ago, generating bloodfeeding and non-bloodfeeding flies in two superfamilies, the Culicoidea-containing the mosquitoes, the frog-feeding midges, the Chaoboridae, and the Dixidae-and the Chironomoidea-containing the black flies, the ceratopogonids, the Chironomidae, and the Thaumaleidae. Blood feeding requires many adaptations, including development of a sophisticated salivary potion that disarms host hemostasis, the physiologic mechanism comprising platelet aggregation, vasoconstriction, and blood clotting. The composition of the sialome (from the Greek sialo = saliva) from bloodfeeding animals can be inferred from analysis of their salivary gland transcriptome. While members of the mosquitoes, black flies, and biting midges have provided sialotranscriptome descriptions, no species of the frog-biting midges has been thus analyzed. We describe in this work the sialotranscriptome of Corethrella appendiculata, revealing a complex potion of enzymes, classical nematoceran protein families involved in blood feeding, and novel protein families unique to this species of frog-feeding fly. Bacterial (Wolbachia) and novel viral sequences were also discovered.
蚊下目蠓蚊亚目被认为起源于2亿多年前以血液为食的祖先，在两个超科中产生了以血液为食和不以血液为食的蝇类，即包含蚊子、食蛙蠓、摇蚊科和大蚊科的库蚊总科，以及包含蚋、蠓科、摇蚊科和瘦蚊科的摇蚊总科。以血液为食需要许多适应性变化，包括开发一种复杂的唾液成分，以解除宿主止血作用，止血是一种包括血小板聚集、血管收缩和血液凝固的生理机制。通过分析吸血动物的唾液腺转录组，可以推断其唾液蛋白质组（来自希腊语sialo = 唾液）的组成。虽然蚊子、蚋和咬蠓的成员已经有了唾液转录组描述，但尚未对食蛙蠓的任何物种进行过此类分析。我们在这项工作中描述了附肢角蠓的唾液转录组情况，揭示了一种复杂的酶成分、参与血液摄取的经典蚊下目蛋白质家族，以及这种食蛙蝇特有的新蛋白质家族。还发现了细菌（沃尔巴克氏体）和新的病毒序列。
