Kumar Ainur B, Izekenova Aigulsum, Abikulova Akmaral
School of Public Health, Faculty of Management in Healthcare and Pharmacy, S. D. Asfendiyarov Kazakh National Medical University, Almaty, Kazakhstan.
J Res Med Sci. 2013 Jul;18(7):549-53.
Reforms in inpatient care are critical for the enhancement of the efficiency of health systems. It still remains the main costly sector of the health system, accounting for more than 60% of all expenditures. Inappropriate and ineffective use of the hospital infrastructure is also a big issue. We aimed to analyze statistical data on health indices and dynamics of the hospital stock in Kazakhstan in comparison with those of developed countries.
Study design is comparative quantitative analysis of inpatient care indicators. We used information and analytical methods, content analysis, mathematical treatment, and comparative analysis of statistical data on health system and dynamics of hospital stock in Kazakhstan and some other countries of the world [Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD), USA, Canada, Russia, China, Japan, and Korea] over the period 2001-2011.
Despite substantial and continuous reductions over the past 10 years, hospitalization rates in Kazakhstan still remain high compared to some developed countries, including those of the OECD. In fact, the hospital stay length for all patients in Kazakhstan in 2011 is around 9.9 days, hospitalization ratio per 100 people is 16.3, and hospital beds capacity is 100 per 10,000 inhabitants.
The decreased level of beds may adversely affect both medical organization and health system operations. Alternatives to the existing inpatient care are now being explored. The introduction of the unified national healthcare system allows shifting the primary focus on primary care organizations, which can decrease the demand on inpatient care as a result of improving the health status of people at the primary care level.
住院治疗改革对于提高卫生系统效率至关重要。它仍然是卫生系统中成本最高的主要部门，占所有支出的60%以上。医院基础设施使用不当和效率低下也是一个大问题。我们旨在分析哈萨克斯坦与发达国家相比的健康指标统计数据以及医院库存动态。
研究设计为住院治疗指标的比较定量分析。我们使用信息和分析方法、内容分析、数学处理以及对哈萨克斯坦和世界其他一些国家（经济合作与发展组织（经合组织）、美国、加拿大、俄罗斯、中国、日本和韩国）2001 - 2011年期间卫生系统统计数据和医院库存动态进行比较分析。
尽管在过去10年中大幅持续下降，但哈萨克斯坦的住院率与一些发达国家（包括经合组织国家）相比仍然较高。事实上，2011年哈萨克斯坦所有患者的住院天数约为9.9天，每100人的住院率为16.3，每万居民的医院床位容量为100。
床位水平下降可能对医疗机构和卫生系统运营产生不利影响。目前正在探索现有住院治疗的替代方案。统一国家医疗保健系统的引入使得主要重点转向初级保健机构，这可以通过改善初级保健层面人群的健康状况来减少对住院治疗的需求。
