Savage Michael
Economic and Social Research Institute,Dublin,Ireland.
Health Econ Policy Law. 2014 Oct;9(4):407-24. doi: 10.1017/S1744133114000036. Epub 2014 Feb 13.
In March 2004, Ireland became the first country to introduce a nationwide workplace smoking ban. The primary aim of the ban was to reduce people's exposure to second-hand smoke. A 95% compliance rate among employers suggests this aim was achieved. By prohibiting smoking in the majority of indoor working places, an effect of the ban was to increase the non-monetary cost of smoking. The aim of this paper is to examine whether the extra non-monetary cost of smoking was concentrated on the employed. A difference-in-differences approach is used to measure changes in smoking behaviour among the employed relative to the non-working population following the introduction of the workplace smoking ban. The research finds that the workplace smoking ban did not induce a greater reduction in smoking prevalence among the employed population compared with the non-working population. In fact, the evidence suggests a significantly larger decrease in smoking prevalence among the non-workers relative to the employed. Changes in the real price of cigarettes and changes in attitudes to risk are discussed as possible causes for the pattern observed.
2004年3月，爱尔兰成为首个在全国范围内实施工作场所禁烟令的国家。该禁令的主要目的是减少人们接触二手烟的机会。雇主们95%的遵守率表明这一目标已经实现。通过在大多数室内工作场所禁止吸烟，该禁令的一个效果是增加了吸烟的非货币成本。本文的目的是研究吸烟额外的非货币成本是否集中在就业人群身上。采用差分法来衡量实施工作场所禁烟令后就业人群相对于非就业人群吸烟行为的变化。研究发现，与非就业人群相比，工作场所禁烟令并没有使就业人群的吸烟率有更大幅度的下降。事实上，有证据表明，相对于就业人群，非工作人群的吸烟率下降幅度要大得多。本文还讨论了香烟实际价格的变化和对风险态度的变化，作为观察到的这种模式的可能原因。
