饮食中的脂质与青春期前儿童海马体依赖的关系记忆存在差异关联。
Dietary lipids are differentially associated with hippocampal-dependent relational memory in prepubescent children.
作者信息
Baym Carol L, Khan Naiman A, Monti Jim M, Raine Lauren B, Drollette Eric S, Moore R Davis, Scudder Mark R, Kramer Arthur F, Hillman Charles H, Cohen Neal J
机构信息
Department of Psychology (CLB, JMM, AFK, CHH, and NJC), the Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology (CLB, JMM, AFK, CHH, and NJC), the Department of Kinesiology and Community Health (NAK, LBR, ESD, RDM, MRS, AFK, and CHH), and the Center for Nutrition, Learning, and Memory (AFK, CHH, and NJC), Neuroscience Program (AFK, CHH, and NJC), University of Illinois, Urbana, IL.
出版信息
Am J Clin Nutr. 2014 May;99(5):1026-32. doi: 10.3945/ajcn.113.079624. Epub 2014 Feb 12.
BACKGROUND
Studies in rodents and older humans have shown that the hippocampus-a brain structure critical to relational/associative memory-has remarkable plasticity as a result of lifestyle factors (eg, exercise). However, the effect of dietary intake on hippocampal-dependent memory during childhood has remained unexamined.
OBJECTIVE
We investigated the cross-sectional relation of dietary components characteristic of the Western diet, including saturated fatty acids (SFAs), omega-3 (n-3) fatty acids, and refined sugar, with hippocampal-dependent relational memory in prepubescent children.
DESIGN
Participants aged 7-9 y (n = 52) reported their dietary intake by using the Youth-Adolescent Food-Frequency Questionnaire and completed memory tasks designed to assess relational (hippocampal-dependent) and item (hippocampal-independent) memory. Performance on the memory tasks was assessed with both direct (accuracy) and indirect (eye movement) measures.
RESULTS
Partial correlations adjusted for body mass index showed a positive relation between relational memory accuracy and intake of omega-3 fatty acids and a negative relation of both relational and item memory accuracy with intake of SFAs. Potential confounding factors of age, sex, intelligence quotient, socioeconomic status, pubertal timing, and aerobic fitness (maximal oxygen volume) were not significantly related to any of the dietary intake measures. Eye movement measures of relational memory (preferential viewing to the target stimulus) showed a negative relation with intake of added sugar.
CONCLUSIONS
SFA intake was negatively associated with both forms of memory, whereas omega-3 fatty acid intake was selectively positively associated with hippocampal-dependent relational memory. These findings are among the first to show a link between habitual dietary intake and cognitive health as pertaining to hippocampal function in childhood. The Fitness Improves Thinking Kids (FITKids) and FITKids2 trials were registered at www.clinicaltrials.gov as NCT01334359 and NCT01619826, respectively.
背景
对啮齿动物和年长者的研究表明，海马体——对关系性/联想性记忆至关重要的脑结构——由于生活方式因素（如运动）而具有显著的可塑性。然而，儿童期饮食摄入对海马体依赖性记忆的影响尚未得到研究。
目的
我们调查了西方饮食特有的膳食成分，包括饱和脂肪酸（SFA）、ω-3（n-3）脂肪酸和精制糖，与青春期前儿童海马体依赖性关系性记忆之间的横断面关系。
设计
7至9岁的参与者（n = 52）使用青少年食物频率问卷报告他们的饮食摄入量，并完成旨在评估关系性（海马体依赖性）和项目（海马体非依赖性）记忆的记忆任务。通过直接（准确性）和间接（眼动）测量来评估记忆任务的表现。
结果
经体重指数调整后的偏相关分析显示，关系性记忆准确性与ω-3脂肪酸摄入量呈正相关，而关系性和项目记忆准确性与SFA摄入量均呈负相关。年龄、性别、智商、社会经济地位、青春期时间和有氧适能（最大摄氧量）等潜在混杂因素与任何饮食摄入量指标均无显著相关性。关系性记忆的眼动测量（对目标刺激的优先注视）与添加糖的摄入量呈负相关。
结论
SFA摄入量与两种记忆形式均呈负相关，而ω-3脂肪酸摄入量与海马体依赖性关系性记忆选择性地呈正相关。这些发现首次表明习惯性饮食摄入与儿童期海马体功能相关的认知健康之间存在联系。“健身改善儿童思维（FITKids）”和“FITKids2”试验分别在www.clinicaltrials.gov上注册，注册号为NCT01334359和NCT01619826。
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