Department of Psychology, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA; Aging Mind and Brain Initiative (AMBI), The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA.
Trends Cogn Sci. 2013 Oct;17(10):525-44. doi: 10.1016/j.tics.2013.08.001. Epub 2013 Sep 9.
Significant progress has been made in understanding the neurobiological mechanisms through which exercise protects and restores the brain. In this feature review, we integrate animal and human research, examining physical activity effects across multiple levels of description (neurons up to inter-regional pathways). We evaluate the influence of exercise on hippocampal structure and function, addressing common themes such as spatial memory and pattern separation, brain structure and plasticity, neurotrophic factors, and vasculature. Areas of research focused more within species, such as hippocampal neurogenesis in rodents, also provide crucial insight into the protective role of physical activity. Overall, converging evidence suggests exercise benefits brain function and cognition across the mammalian lifespan, which may translate into reduced risk for Alzheimer's disease (AD) in humans.
在理解运动保护和修复大脑的神经生物学机制方面已经取得了重大进展。在这篇专题评论中，我们整合了动物和人类的研究，从多个描述层面（从神经元到区域间通路）考察了体育活动的影响。我们评估了运动对海马体结构和功能的影响，探讨了常见主题，如空间记忆和模式分离、大脑结构和可塑性、神经营养因子和血管。在物种内部更集中的研究领域，如啮齿动物的海马体神经发生，也为体育活动的保护作用提供了重要的见解。总的来说，越来越多的证据表明，运动有益于哺乳动物整个生命周期的大脑功能和认知，这可能降低人类患阿尔茨海默病（AD）的风险。
