Amsterdam Institute of Social Science Research, University of Amsterdam.
Sociol Health Illn. 2014 Feb;36(2):305-17. doi: 10.1111/1467-9566.12116.
Does healthy eating require people to control themselves and abstain from pleasure? This idea is dominant, but in our studies of dieting in The Netherlands we encountered professionals who work in other ways. They encourage their clients to enjoy their food, as only such joy provides satisfaction and the sense that one has eaten enough. Enjoying one's food is not easy. It depends on being sensitive. This does not come naturally but needs training. And while one kind of hunger may be difficult to distinguish from another, feeling pleasure may open the doors to feeling pain. What is more, sensitivity is not enough: enjoying one's food also depends on the food being enjoyable. A lot of care is required for that. But while engaging in such care is hard work, along the way clients are encouraged to no longer ask 'Am I being good?' but to wonder instead 'Is this good for me?' Both these questions are normative and focus on the person rather than on her socio-material context. However, in the situations related here the difference is worth making. For it entails a shift from externally controlling your behaviour to self-caringly enjoying your food.
健康饮食是否需要人们控制自己、戒除快乐?这种观念占据主导地位,但在我们对荷兰节食的研究中,遇到了一些以不同方式工作的专业人士。他们鼓励客户享受食物,因为只有这样的快乐才能带来满足感和饱腹感。享受食物并不容易。这取决于是否敏感。这种敏感性不是天生的,而是需要训练的。虽然一种饥饿感可能很难与另一种饥饿感区分开来,但感到快乐可能会打开感到痛苦的大门。更重要的是,仅仅敏感是不够的:享受食物还取决于食物本身是否令人愉悦。这需要大量的关注。但是,虽然从事这种关注是一项艰巨的工作,但在这个过程中,客户不再被鼓励问“我做得好吗?”,而是会想“这对我有好处吗?”这两个问题都是规范性的,关注的是个人,而不是她的社会物质环境。然而,在相关的情况下,这种区别是值得注意的。因为这意味着从外部控制你的行为转变为自我关心地享受你的食物。