Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Laboratory of Clinical and Epidemiological Virology, Rega Institute for Medical Research, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; Blood Transfusion Research Center, High Institute for Research and Education in Transfusion Medicine, Tehran, Iran.
J Med Virol. 2014 May;86(5):745-57. doi: 10.1002/jmv.23864. Epub 2014 Feb 14.
Iran is a large country that covers the northern coast of the Persian Gulf. Iranian residents of this coastal region interact closely with people from neighboring countries because of historical and cultural relationships, as well as economic activities. In addition, the inhabitants of this border region have experienced several wars, which have affected public health infrastructures. This study characterized for the first time, the evolution of the full-length genome of HBV strains in asymptomatic carrier patients living in this particular region. In addition, this study was compared and complemented by a comprehensive evolutionary analysis of the worldwide geographical distribution of HBV subgenotype D1. Evolutionary analysis demonstrates that patients living in the northern coast of the Persian Gulf are mainly infected with HBV subgenotype D1, subtype ayw2. Specific mutations related to advanced liver disease were found more frequently in these strains compared to other strains isolated from asymptomatic carriers from other regions of Iran. This global comprehensive analysis showed that HBV subgenotype D1 strains have a worldwide distribution and that human mobility and immigration had a large impact on dispersal of HBV subgenotype D1, subtype ayw2 in Middle Eastern countries such as Iran, Syria, and Turkey. In addition to association of subtype ayw2 with subgenotype D1, it was demonstrated that other HBV subtypes like adw2, ayw1, and ayw3 are associated with HBV subgenotype D1 in different regions of the world. This study also revealed a remarkable distribution of subgenotype D1, subtype ayw4 although this particular subtype is associated with subgenotype D4 of HBV in European countries.
伊朗是一个覆盖波斯湾北部海岸的大国。由于历史和文化关系以及经济活动，该沿海地区的伊朗居民与邻国人民密切互动。此外，该边境地区的居民经历了几次战争，这影响了公共卫生基础设施。本研究首次对生活在该特定地区的无症状携带者患者体内 HBV 株全长基因组的演变进行了特征描述。此外，本研究通过对 HBV 亚基因型 D1 的全球地理分布的全面进化分析进行了比较和补充。进化分析表明，生活在波斯湾北部海岸的患者主要感染 HBV 亚基因型 D1，亚型 ayw2。与来自伊朗其他地区无症状携带者分离的其他菌株相比，这些菌株中发现了与晚期肝病相关的特定突变更为频繁。这项全球综合分析表明，HBV 亚基因型 D1 株具有全球分布，人类的流动性和移民对 HBV 亚基因型 D1 在伊朗、叙利亚和土耳其等中东国家的传播产生了巨大影响。除了亚型 ayw2 与亚基因型 D1 相关联之外，还证明了其他 HBV 亚型，如 adw2、ayw1 和 ayw3，在世界不同地区与 HBV 亚基因型 D1 相关联。本研究还揭示了亚基因型 D1、亚型 ayw4 的显著分布，尽管在欧洲国家，这种特定亚型与 HBV 的 D4 亚基因型相关联。
