Nakhasi H L, Zheng D X, Hewlett I K, Liu T Y
Division of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Food and Drug Administration, Bethesda, MD.
Virus Res. 1988 Apr;10(1):1-15. doi: 10.1016/0168-1702(88)90053-6.
The effect of alpha and gamma interferon (IFN alpha, IFN gamma) and actinomycin D on the expression of wild type rubella virus in African green monkey kidney cells (Vero 76) was studied. Viral protein synthesis in the infected cells was significantly reduced upon treatment of the cells with IFN alpha or IFN gamma, which is accompanied by the reduction in the level of both the (+) stranded and the (-) stranded viral RNAs. The residual rubella viral RNA from interferon-treated cells, however, was structurally intact as judged by Northern blot analysis and in vitro translation. These results suggest that the effect of IFN alpha and IFN gamma on rubella viral protein synthesis is both at the transcriptional and the translational level. The effect of actinomycin D on rubella virus replication was found to be time-dependent. It is much more pronounced during the eclipse phase of the viral growth (first 4 h) than after 8 h at which time actinomycin D had lesser effect. A similar effect on rubella virus replication was observed when alpha-amanitin was used instead of actinomycin D. These results were taken to indicate that during the viral infection, host cell DNA directs the synthesis of a cellular factor(s) which is essential for the viral replication. When the synthesis of this cellular factor(s) is terminated at an early stage of viral infection by actinomycin D or by alpha-amanitin, viral replication is impaired.
研究了α干扰素和γ干扰素（IFNα、IFNγ）以及放线菌素D对野生型风疹病毒在非洲绿猴肾细胞（Vero 76）中表达的影响。用IFNα或IFNγ处理感染细胞后，感染细胞中的病毒蛋白合成显著减少，同时正链和负链病毒RNA水平均降低。然而，通过Northern印迹分析和体外翻译判断，来自干扰素处理细胞的残留风疹病毒RNA在结构上是完整的。这些结果表明，IFNα和IFNγ对风疹病毒蛋白合成的影响在转录和翻译水平上均有体现。发现放线菌素D对风疹病毒复制的影响具有时间依赖性。在病毒生长的隐蔽期（最初4小时）比8小时后更为明显，8小时时放线菌素D的作用较小。当使用α-鹅膏蕈碱代替放线菌素D时，观察到对风疹病毒复制有类似影响。这些结果表明，在病毒感染期间，宿主细胞DNA指导合成一种对病毒复制至关重要的细胞因子。当这种细胞因子的合成在病毒感染早期被放线菌素D或α-鹅膏蕈碱终止时，病毒复制就会受损。
