Skouteris Helen, Morris Heather, Nagle Cate, Nankervis Alison
School of Psychology, Deakin University, 221 Burwood Highway, Burwood, Victoria, 3125, Australia,
Curr Diab Rep. 2014 Apr;14(4):480. doi: 10.1007/s11892-014-0480-6.
The prevalence of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) and obesity is increasing in developed countries, presenting significant challenges to acute care and public health. The aim of this study is to systematically review published controlled trials evaluating behavior modification interventions to prevent the development of GDM. Nine studies were identified involving such techniques as repetition of information, use of verbal and written educational information, goal setting, and planning, in addition to group and individual counseling sessions. Of the 3 trials with GDM incidence as a primary outcome, only 1 showed a significant reduction. GDM was a secondary outcome in 6 studies where the prevention of excessive gestational weight gain was the primary outcome and only 1 trial study determined an effective intervention. The small number of effective interventions highlights a significant gap in evidence to inform maternity health policy and practice.
在发达国家，妊娠期糖尿病（GDM）和肥胖症的患病率正在上升，这给急症护理和公共卫生带来了重大挑战。本研究的目的是系统回顾已发表的对照试验，评估行为改变干预措施对预防GDM发生的效果。共确定了9项研究，这些研究涉及信息重复、使用口头和书面教育信息、目标设定与规划等技术，此外还包括团体和个体咨询环节。在以GDM发病率作为主要结局的3项试验中，只有1项显示出显著降低。在6项以预防孕期体重过度增加作为主要结局的研究中，GDM是次要结局，其中只有1项试验研究确定了有效的干预措施。有效干预措施数量较少，凸显了为孕产妇健康政策和实践提供依据的证据存在重大差距。
