Fazeli Pariya L, Woods Steven Paul, Heaton Robert K, Umlauf Anya, Gouaux Ben, Rosario Debra, Moore Raeanne C, Grant Igor, Moore David J
Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA.
J Neurovirol. 2014 Jun;20(3):233-42. doi: 10.1007/s13365-014-0240-z. Epub 2014 Feb 20.
Studies of healthy adults show that engagement in physical, social, and mental activities is associated with better cognitive outcomes, suggesting that these activities may increase cognitive reserve. Given the prevalence and real-world impact of HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders (HAND), the present study examined the association between neurocognitive outcomes and self-reported proxies for physical exercise, social activity, and mental activity (employment was used as a proxy for mental activity) among 139 HIV-infected adults (M age = 48.7; 48 % age 50+). Participants completed a neuromedical and neuropsychological battery and were classified based on the number of self-reported active lifestyle factors (ALFs; 0 to 3), including physical exercise, social activity, and current employment. The association between ALFs and both demographically adjusted average neuropsychological T-scores and HAND diagnoses was examined. Results revealed that an increased number of ALFs were associated with better global neurocognitive performance as well as a lower prevalence of HAND. These cross-sectional findings suggest that an active engagement in life may bolster neurocognitive functioning, perhaps by enhancing cognitive and/or brain reserve. However, an alternative explanation might be that persons with better neurocognitive functioning are more inclined and able to engage in these life activities. Future studies should utilize neuroimaging methodology, longitudinal data, and interventional approaches to establish cause-effect relationships and uncover the neural mechanisms whereby physical, social, and mental stimulation may protect neurocognition via cognitive reserve among those living with HIV.
对健康成年人的研究表明，参与体育、社交和心理活动与更好的认知结果相关，这表明这些活动可能会增加认知储备。鉴于与艾滋病病毒相关的神经认知障碍（HAND）的患病率及其在现实世界中的影响，本研究调查了139名感染艾滋病病毒的成年人（平均年龄 = 48.7岁；48%的年龄在50岁及以上）的神经认知结果与自我报告的体育锻炼、社交活动和心理活动指标（将就业用作心理活动指标）之间的关联。参与者完成了一套神经医学和神经心理学测试，并根据自我报告的积极生活方式因素（ALF；0至3个）的数量进行分类，这些因素包括体育锻炼、社交活动和目前的就业情况。研究人员考察了ALF与经人口统计学调整后的平均神经心理学T分数以及HAND诊断之间的关联。结果显示，ALF数量的增加与更好的整体神经认知表现以及更低的HAND患病率相关。这些横断面研究结果表明，积极参与生活可能会增强神经认知功能，或许是通过增强认知和/或大脑储备。然而，另一种解释可能是，神经认知功能较好的人更倾向于且有能力参与这些生活活动。未来的研究应采用神经影像学方法、纵向数据和干预方法来建立因果关系，并揭示体育、社交和心理刺激可能通过认知储备在艾滋病病毒感染者中保护神经认知的神经机制。
