Guschina Irina A, Everard John D, Kinney Anthony J, Quant Patti A, Harwood John L
School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF10 3AX, UK.
DuPont Agricultural Biotechnology, P.O. Box 80353, Wilmington, DE 19880, USA.
Biochim Biophys Acta. 2014 Jun;1838(6):1488-500. doi: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2014.02.008. Epub 2014 Feb 22.
Although there is much knowledge of the enzymology (and genes coding the proteins) of lipid biosynthesis in higher plants, relatively little attention has been paid to regulation. We have demonstrated the important role for cholinephosphate cytidylyltransferase in the biosynthesis of the major extra-plastidic membrane lipid, phosphatidylcholine. We followed this work by applying control analysis to light-induced fatty acid synthesis. This was the first such application to lipid synthesis in any organism. The data showed that acetyl-CoA carboxylase was very important, exerting about half of the total control. We then applied metabolic control analysis to lipid accumulation in important oil crops - oilpalm, olive, and rapeseed. Recent data with soybean show that the block of fatty acid biosynthesis reactions exerts somewhat more control (63%) than lipid assembly although both are clearly very important. These results suggest that gene stacks, targeting both parts of the overall lipid synthesis pathway will be needed to increase significantly oil yields in soybean. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: Membrane Structure and Function: Relevance in the Cell's Physiology, Pathology and Therapy.
尽管我们对高等植物中脂质生物合成的酶学（以及编码蛋白质的基因）已有很多了解，但对其调控的关注相对较少。我们已经证明了胆碱磷酸胞苷转移酶在主要的质体外膜脂质——磷脂酰胆碱生物合成中的重要作用。在此工作之后，我们将控制分析应用于光诱导的脂肪酸合成。这是首次将其应用于任何生物体的脂质合成。数据表明，乙酰辅酶A羧化酶非常重要，发挥了约一半的总体控制作用。然后，我们将代谢控制分析应用于重要油料作物——油棕、橄榄和油菜籽的脂质积累。大豆的最新数据表明，脂肪酸生物合成反应的阻断比脂质组装发挥的控制作用稍大（63%），尽管两者显然都非常重要。这些结果表明，要显著提高大豆的油产量，需要针对整个脂质合成途径的两个部分构建基因堆叠。本文是名为：膜结构与功能：在细胞生理学、病理学和治疗中的相关性的特刊的一部分。
