Conservatory of Music and Dance, University of Missouri-Kansas City, Kansas City, MO 64119-2229, USA.
J Music Ther. 2013 Fall;50(3):198-242. doi: 10.1093/jmt/50.3.198.
Emotion regulation (ER) is an internal process through which a person maintains a comfortable state of arousal by modulating one or more aspects of emotion. The neural correlates underlying ER suggest an interplay between cognitive control areas and areas involved in emotional reactivity. Although some studies have suggested that music may be a useful tool in ER, few studies have examined the links between music perception/production and the neural mechanisms that underlie ER and resulting implications for clinical music therapy treatment. Objectives of this systematic review were to explore and synthesize what is known about how music and music experiences impact neural structures implicated in ER, and to consider clinical implications of these findings for structuring music stimuli to facilitate ER.
A comprehensive electronic database search resulted in 50 studies that met predetermined inclusion and exclusion criteria. Pertinent data related to the objective were extracted and study outcomes were analyzed and compared for trends and common findings.
Results indicated there are certain music characteristics and experiences that produce desired and undesired neural activation patterns implicated in ER. Desired activation patterns occurred when listening to preferred and familiar music, when singing, and (in musicians) when improvising; undesired activation patterns arose when introducing complexity, dissonance, and unexpected musical events. Furthermore, the connection between music-influenced changes in attention and its link to ER was explored.
Implications for music therapy practice are discussed and preliminary guidelines for how to use music to facilitate ER are shared.
情绪调节（ER）是一个内部过程，通过调节情绪的一个或多个方面，使一个人保持舒适的唤醒状态。ER 的神经相关性表明认知控制区域和涉及情绪反应的区域之间存在相互作用。尽管一些研究表明音乐可能是 ER 的有用工具，但很少有研究探讨音乐感知/产生与 ER 相关的神经机制之间的联系，以及这些发现对临床音乐治疗的结构的影响。本系统综述的目的是探讨和综合了解音乐和音乐体验如何影响 ER 中涉及的神经结构，并考虑这些发现对构建促进 ER 的音乐刺激的临床意义。
全面的电子数据库搜索产生了 50 项符合预定纳入和排除标准的研究。提取了与目标相关的相关数据，并对研究结果进行了分析和比较，以寻找趋势和共同发现。
结果表明，某些音乐特征和体验会产生与 ER 相关的期望和不期望的神经激活模式。当听喜欢的和熟悉的音乐、唱歌和（在音乐家中）即兴创作时，会产生期望的激活模式；当引入复杂性、不和谐和意外的音乐事件时，会产生不期望的激活模式。此外，还探讨了音乐影响注意力变化与其与 ER 的联系。
讨论了对音乐治疗实践的影响，并分享了如何使用音乐促进 ER 的初步指南。
