Rojas Clemencia M, Senthil-Kumar Muthappa, Tzin Vered, Mysore Kirankumar S
Plant Biology Division, The Samuel Roberts Noble Foundation Ardmore, OK, USA.
Plant Biology Division, The Samuel Roberts Noble Foundation Ardmore, OK, USA ; National Institute of Plant Genome Research, Jawaharlal Nehru University Campus New Delhi, India.
Front Plant Sci. 2014 Feb 10;5:17. doi: 10.3389/fpls.2014.00017. eCollection 2014.
Plants are constantly exposed to microorganisms in the environment and, as a result, have evolved intricate mechanisms to recognize and defend themselves against potential pathogens. One of these responses is the downregulation of photosynthesis and other processes associated with primary metabolism that are essential for plant growth. It has been suggested that the energy saved by downregulation of primary metabolism is diverted and used for defense responses. However, several studies have shown that upregulation of primary metabolism also occurs during plant-pathogen interactions. We propose that upregulation of primary metabolism modulates signal transduction cascades that lead to plant defense responses. In support of this thought, we here compile evidence from the literature to show that upon exposure to pathogens or elicitors, plants induce several genes associated with primary metabolic pathways, such as those involved in the synthesis or degradation of carbohydrates, amino acids and lipids. In addition, genetic studies have confirmed the involvement of these metabolic pathways in plant defense responses. This review provides a new perspective highlighting the relevance of primary metabolism in regulating plant defense against pathogens with the hope to stimulate further research in this area.
植物在环境中持续接触微生物，因此进化出了复杂的机制来识别并抵御潜在病原体。这些反应之一是光合作用以及与初级代谢相关的其他对植物生长至关重要的过程的下调。有人提出，通过下调初级代谢节省的能量会被转移并用于防御反应。然而，多项研究表明，在植物与病原体相互作用期间，初级代谢也会上调。我们认为，初级代谢的上调会调节导致植物防御反应的信号转导级联反应。为支持这一观点，我们在此汇总文献证据，以表明植物在接触病原体或激发子后会诱导多个与初级代谢途径相关的基因，例如参与碳水化合物、氨基酸和脂质合成或降解的基因。此外，遗传学研究已证实这些代谢途径参与植物防御反应。本综述提供了一个新视角，突出了初级代谢在调节植物对病原体防御中的相关性，希望能激发该领域的进一步研究。
