Hacon Sandra S, Dórea José G, Fonseca Márlon de F, Oliveira Beatriz A, Mourão Dennys S, Ruiz Claudia M V, Gonçalves Rodrigo A, Mariani Carolina F, Bastos Wanderley R
Escola Nacional de Saúde Público Sergio Arouca-Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rua Leopoldo Bulhões, 1480 Manguinhos, Rio de Janeiro, 21041-210, Brazil.
Faculdade de Ciências da Saúde-Universidade de Brasília, C.P. 04322, Campus-Asa Norte, Brasília, Distrito Federal, 70919-970, Brazil.
Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2014 Feb 26;11(3):2437-55. doi: 10.3390/ijerph110302437.
In the Amazon Basin, naturally occurring methylmercury bioaccumulates in fish, which is a key source of protein consumed by riverine populations. The hydroelectric power-plant project at Santo Antônio Falls allows us to compare the Hg exposure of riverine populations sparsely distributed on both sides of the Madeira river before the area is to be flooded. From 2009 to 2011, we concluded a population survey of the area (N = 2,008; representing circa 80% of community residents) that estimated fish consumption and mercury exposure of riverine populations with different degrees of lifestyle related to fish consumption. Fish samples from the Madeira river (N = 1,615) and 110 species were analyzed for Hg. Hair-Hg was significantly lower (p < 0.001) in less isolated communities near to the capital of Porto Velho (median 2.32 ppm) than in subsistence communities in the Cuniã Lake, 180 km from Porto Velho city (median 6.3 ppm). Fish Hg concentrations ranged from 0.01 to 6.06 µg/g, depending on fish size and feeding behavior. Currently available fish in the Madeira river show a wide variability in Hg concentrations. Despite cultural similarities, riparians showed hair-Hg distribution patterns that reflect changes in fish-eating habits driven by subsistence characteristics.
在亚马逊流域，天然存在的甲基汞在鱼类体内生物累积，而鱼类是河边居民蛋白质的主要来源。圣安东尼奥瀑布的水力发电站项目使我们能够比较马德拉河两岸稀疏分布的河边居民在该地区被淹没之前的汞暴露情况。2009年至2011年，我们完成了该地区的一项人口调查（N = 2008；约占社区居民的80%），估计了与鱼类消费相关生活方式不同的河边居民的鱼类消费量和汞暴露情况。对马德拉河的鱼类样本（N = 1615）和110个物种进行了汞分析。靠近波多韦柳市首府的较不孤立社区的头发汞含量（中位数为2.32 ppm）明显低于距离波多韦柳市180公里的库尼亚湖的自给自足社区（中位数为6.3 ppm）（p < 0.001）。鱼类汞浓度范围为0.01至6.06 µg/g，具体取决于鱼的大小和摄食行为。马德拉河目前可获得的鱼类汞浓度差异很大。尽管文化相似，但河岸居民的头发汞分布模式反映了由生存特征驱动的食鱼习惯变化。
