Department of Botany, University of British Columbia, Vancouver V6T 1Z4, Canada; email:
Annu Rev Plant Biol. 2014;65:69-94. doi: 10.1146/annurev-arplant-050213-040240. Epub 2014 Feb 21.
Plant stature and development are governed by cell proliferation and directed cell growth. These parameters are determined largely by cell wall characteristics. Cellulose microfibrils, composed of hydrogen-bonded β-1,4 glucans, are key components for anisotropic growth in plants. Cellulose is synthesized by plasma membrane-localized cellulose synthase complexes. In higher plants, these complexes are assembled into hexameric rosettes in intracellular compartments and secreted to the plasma membrane. Here, the complexes typically track along cortical microtubules, which may guide cellulose synthesis, until the complexes are inactivated and/or internalized. Determining the regulatory aspects that control the behavior of cellulose synthase complexes is vital to understanding directed cell and plant growth and to tailoring cell wall content for industrial products, including paper, textiles, and fuel. In this review, we summarize and discuss cellulose synthesis and regulatory aspects of the cellulose synthase complex, focusing on Arabidopsis thaliana.
植物的形态和发育受细胞增殖和定向细胞生长的控制。这些参数主要由细胞壁的特性决定。纤维素微纤维由氢键结合的β-1,4 葡聚糖组成，是植物各向异性生长的关键组成部分。纤维素由定位于质膜的纤维素合酶复合物合成。在高等植物中，这些复合物在细胞内隔室中组装成六聚体玫瑰花结，并分泌到质膜上。在这里，复合物通常沿着皮层微管追踪，这可能指导纤维素的合成，直到复合物失活和/或内化。确定控制纤维素合酶复合物行为的调节方面对于理解定向细胞和植物生长以及为包括纸张、纺织品和燃料在内的工业产品定制细胞壁含量至关重要。在这篇综述中，我们总结和讨论了纤维素合成和纤维素合酶复合物的调节方面，重点是拟南芥。
