Department of Animal Nutrition and Management, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, P,O, Box 7024, Uppsala SE-75007, Sweden.
J Anim Sci Biotechnol. 2014 Mar 1;5(1):15. doi: 10.1186/2049-1891-5-15.
Dietary fiber is associated with impaired nutrient utilization and reduced net energy values. However, fiber has to be included in the diet to maintain normal physiological functions in the digestive tract. Moreover, the negative impact of dietary fiber will be determined by the fiber properties and may differ considerably between fiber sources. Various techniques can be applied to enhance nutritional value and utilization of available feed resources. In addition, the extent of fiber utilization is affected by the age of the pig and the pig breed. The use of potential prebiotic effects of dietary fiber is an attractive way to stimulate gut health and thereby minimize the use of anti-microbial growth promoters. Inclusion of soluble non-starch polysaccharides (NSP) in the diet can stimulate the growth of commensal gut microbes. Inclusion of NSP from chicory results in changes in gut micro-environment and gut morphology of pigs, while growth performance remains unaffected and digestibility was only marginally reduced. The fermentation products and pH in digesta responded to diet type and were correlated with shifts in the microbiota. Interestingly, fiber intake will have an impact on the expression of intestinal epithelial heat-shock proteins in the pig. Heat-shock proteins have an important physiological role in the gut and carry out crucial housekeeping functions in order to maintain the mucosal barrier integrity. Thus, there are increasing evidence showing that fiber can have prebiotic effects in pigs due to interactions with the gut micro-environment and the gut associated immune system.
膳食纤维与营养物质利用受损和净能值降低有关。然而，膳食纤维必须包含在饮食中，以维持消化道的正常生理功能。此外，膳食纤维的负面影响将取决于纤维特性，并且在纤维来源之间可能有很大差异。各种技术可用于提高可用饲料资源的营养价值和利用率。此外，纤维的利用程度受猪的年龄和品种的影响。膳食纤维的潜在益生元作用的利用是刺激肠道健康的一种有吸引力的方法，从而最大限度地减少抗菌生长促进剂的使用。在饮食中添加可溶性非淀粉多糖（NSP）可以刺激共生肠道微生物的生长。菊苣来源的 NSP 的添加会导致猪的肠道微环境和肠道形态发生变化，而生长性能不受影响，消化率仅略有降低。消化物中的发酵产物和 pH 值对日粮类型有响应，并与微生物群的变化相关。有趣的是，纤维的摄入会影响猪肠道上皮热休克蛋白的表达。热休克蛋白在肠道中具有重要的生理作用，并进行关键的管家功能，以维持黏膜屏障的完整性。因此，越来越多的证据表明，由于与肠道微环境和肠道相关的免疫系统相互作用，纤维可以对猪产生益生元作用。
