Le Bihanic Florane, Clérandeau Christelle, Le Menach Karyn, Morin Bénédicte, Budzinski Hélène, Cousin Xavier, Cachot Jérôme
UMR CNRS 5805 EPOC, University of Bordeaux, avenue des Facultés, 33405, Talence Cedex, France.
Environ Sci Pollut Res Int. 2014 Dec;21(24):13732-43. doi: 10.1007/s11356-014-2676-3. Epub 2014 Mar 6.
In aquatic environments, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) mostly occur as complex mixtures, for which risk assessment remains problematic. To better understand the effects of PAH mixture toxicity on fish early life stages, this study compared the developmental toxicity of three PAH complex mixtures. These mixtures were extracted from a PAH-contaminated sediment (Seine estuary, France) and two oils (Arabian Light and Erika). For each fraction, artificial sediment was spiked at three different environmental concentrations roughly equivalent to 0.5, 4, and 10 μg total PAH g(-1) dw. Japanese medaka embryos were incubated on these PAH-spiked sediments throughout their development, right up until hatching. Several endpoints were recorded at different developmental stages, including acute endpoints, morphological abnormalities, larvae locomotion, and genotoxicity (comet and micronucleus assays). The three PAH fractions delayed hatching, induced developmental abnormalities, disrupted larvae swimming activity, and damaged DNA at environmental concentrations. Differences in toxicity levels, likely related to differences in PAH proportions, were highlighted between fractions. The Arabian Light and Erika petrogenic fractions, containing a high proportion of alkylated PAHs and low molecular weight PAHs, were more toxic to Japanese medaka early life stages than the pyrolytic fraction. This was not supported by the toxic equivalency approach, which appeared unsuitable for assessing the toxicity of the three PAH fractions to fish early life stages. This study highlights the potential risks posed by environmental mixtures of alkylated and low molecular weight PAHs to early stages of fish development.
在水生环境中，多环芳烃（PAHs）大多以复杂混合物的形式存在，其风险评估仍然存在问题。为了更好地了解PAH混合物毒性对鱼类早期生命阶段的影响，本研究比较了三种PAH复杂混合物的发育毒性。这些混合物分别从受PAH污染的沉积物（法国塞纳河口）以及两种油（阿拉伯轻质油和埃里卡油）中提取。对于每个组分，将人工沉积物以三种不同的环境浓度加标，大致相当于总PAH 0.5、4和10 μg g⁻¹干重。日本青鳉胚胎在整个发育过程中直至孵化都在这些添加了PAH的沉积物上孵化。在不同发育阶段记录了几个终点指标，包括急性终点指标、形态异常、幼体运动以及遗传毒性（彗星试验和微核试验）。在环境浓度下，这三种PAH组分均延迟了孵化、诱导了发育异常、扰乱了幼体游泳活动并损害了DNA。各组分之间突出显示了毒性水平的差异，这可能与PAH比例的差异有关。阿拉伯轻质油和埃里卡油的成岩组分含有高比例的烷基化PAHs和低分子量PAHs，对日本青鳉早期生命阶段的毒性高于热解组分。毒性当量法并不支持这一点，该方法似乎不适用于评估这三种PAH组分对鱼类早期生命阶段的毒性。本研究强调了烷基化和低分子量PAHs的环境混合物对鱼类发育早期阶段构成的潜在风险。
