Molecular Biology and Viral Oncology Unit, Istituto Nazionale Tumori "Fondazione G Pascale" - IRCCS , Naples , Italy.
Servizio Interaziendale di Epidemiologia, Azienda Unità Sanitaria Locale and IRCCS, Arcispedale Santa Maria Nuova , Reggio Emilia , Italy.
Front Oncol. 2014 Feb 20;4:31. doi: 10.3389/fonc.2014.00031. eCollection 2014.
Human papillomavirus (HPV) infection is highly prevalent in women migrating from countries where cervical screening is not implemented. The variety of HPV genotypes, their prevalence and the association with cervical abnormalities has been investigated by several groups in women moving mainly from Eastern Europe, Africa, and Southern Asia to Italy. All studies are concordant on the elevated rate of HPV infection among immigrants, which is four times higher than that observed among age-matched Italian women. The HPV prevalence among short-term migrants and characterization of viral variants showed that the high prevalence of HPV reflects either individual lifestyle or high prevalence of HPV in the country of origin. The high burden of HPV infection correlates very well with the high incidence of cervical cancer in migrant women. In fact, during the years 2000-2004 the cervical cancer incidence in women from Central and Eastern Europe and living in Central Italy was 38.3 per 100,000, which is statistically significant higher than that of native Italian women (6 per 100,000). In this study, we pooled together the results of three independent studies originally designed to assess the distribution and the prevalence of HPV genotypes among 499 immigrant women living in Southern Italy. A total of 39 mucosal HPV genotypes were identified. The 12 genotypes (HPV16, 18, 31, 33, 35, 39, 45, 51, 52, 56, 58, and 59) classified as carcinogenic to humans (group 1) accounted for >80% of all infections. HPV16 was the most common viral type in all groups with frequency rates ranging from 15.4% in Africa to 51.1% in Eastern and Southern European HPV-positive women. The high prevalence of oncogenic HPVs and cervical cancer risk among migrant women, together with the lower participation in screening programs, demands for an urgent implementation of preventive strategies to increase screening and vaccine coverage and viral monitoring of uncommon HPV genotypes potential spreading in settled population.
人乳头瘤病毒（HPV）感染在从没有实施宫颈癌筛查的国家移民的女性中非常普遍。已经有几个研究小组在从东欧、非洲和南亚移居到意大利的女性中调查了 HPV 基因型的多样性、流行率及其与宫颈异常的关系。所有研究都一致认为移民中的 HPV 感染率很高，是年龄匹配的意大利女性的四倍。短期移民中的 HPV 流行率和病毒变异体的特征表明，HPV 的高流行率反映了个体的生活方式或原籍国 HPV 的高流行率。HPV 感染的高负担与移民女性宫颈癌的高发病率非常吻合。事实上，在 2000-2004 年期间，从中欧和东欧移民到意大利中部的女性的宫颈癌发病率为每 10 万人 38.3 例，这明显高于意大利本土女性（每 10 万人 6 例）。在这项研究中，我们将原本旨在评估生活在意大利南部的 499 名移民女性中 HPV 基因型分布和流行率的三项独立研究的结果合并在一起。共鉴定出 39 种黏膜 HPV 基因型。12 种（HPV16、18、31、33、35、39、45、51、52、56、58 和 59）被归类为人类致癌物质（第 1 组）的基因型占所有感染的>80%。HPV16 是所有组中最常见的病毒类型，其频率范围从非洲的 15.4%到东欧和南欧 HPV 阳性女性的 51.1%。移民女性中致癌 HPV 和宫颈癌风险的高流行率，加上参与筛查计划的比例较低，要求紧急实施预防策略，以增加筛查和疫苗覆盖率，并监测可能在定居人群中传播的不常见 HPV 基因型的病毒。
